Learn Angular-cli, Karma and Nightmare

Karma is essentially a tool which spawns a web server that executes source code against test code for each of the browsers connected.

karma

There are several steps involved with setting up [`Karma`](http://karma-runner.github.io/) to work on your webpack project. In this first step we'll initialize our karma configuration and setup our `package.json` `scripts`.

Initialize a Webpack Project with Karma for Testing

Chai is a BDD / TDD assertion library for node and the browser that can be delightfully paired with any javascript testing framework.

chai

[Chai](https://npmjs.com/package/chai) assertions work great with the [Mocha](https://npmjs.com/package/mocha) testing framework. In this lesson we'll walk through out to install Chai and [karma-chai](https://npmjs.com/package/karma-chai) so you can use the `expect` assertions in your tests.

Use Chai assertions for tests in a Karma project

When writing tests run by Karma for an application that’s bundled with webpack, it’s easiest to integrate webpack and Karma directly together. In this lesson we’ll see how to utilize the [`karma-webpack`](https://npmjs.com/package/karma-webpack) plugin and reuse our existing webpack configuration to preprocess our test files with webpack.

Use Karma for Unit Testing with Webpack

Nightmare is a high-level browser automation library.

The goal is to expose just a few simple methods, and have an API that feels synchronous for each block of scripting, rather than deeply nested callbacks. It's designed for automating tasks across sites that don't have APIs.

nightmare

Many pages you'll want to grab data from will require you to log in first. This video demonstrates how to log in and grab whatever data off the page you will need.

Scraping Data from Sites with Login Forms with Nightmare

angular-cli

Generating components with the Angular CLI allows for scaffolding applications quickly. Learn what will be generated for you and how to generate quickly with shortcuts in the desired directory.

Generate components with the Angular CLI

Angular is a development platform for creating applications using modern web standards. Angular includes a wealth of essential features such as mobile gestures, animations, filtering, routing, data binding, security, internationalization, and beautiful UI components. It's extremely modular, lightweight, and easy to learn.

angular

Getting started with angular development can be difficult, with a lot of moving parts. Allow the Angular CLI to handle those complexities so you can focus on creating great applications.

In this lesson you will learn how to install the Angular CLI from npm, create a new application, serve the new application in the browser and edit it with live-reload.

Install the Angular CLI to Create and Serve an Angular Application

A quick tutorial covering installing Karma and running tests from the command line and Webstorm.

Introduction to Karma

Many websites have more than just simple static content. Dynamic content which is rendered by JavaScript requires browser to be able to scrape data. This video demonstrates how to use Nightmare (which is a wrapper around Electron) to launch a url and scrape dynamic data.

Scraping Dynamic JavaScript Websites with Nightmare

In this lesson we will our `UiModule`, that has a `LayoutComponent`, `HeaderComponent` and `FooterComponent`. 

We generate `UiModule` by running the following command:
```
ng generate module ui --module app
```

This generates the new module and imports it in our `AppModule`.

We'll create the `LayoutComponent` using:
```
ng generate component ui/containers/layout
ng generate component ui/containers/header
ng generate component ui/containers/footer
``` 

We update our `AppRoutingModule` and add this component to our first route to make it visible. 

The `HeaderComponent` and `FooterComponent` are referenced in the LayoutComponent and we implement the actual templates!

Create Application Layout with Components in an Angular CLI Project

In this lesson we will add the `ProductModule`, where our actual application code will live.

```
ng g m product --routing
``` 

We will add 2 routes to `AppRoutingModule`,  the first is a redirect route that redirects any unhandled paths to `products`. The second route is the actual `products` route, that 'lazy-loads' the `ProductModule`.

We use the `ng` command to create the `ProductListComponent` and `ProductDetailComponent`, which are so called 'containers components'.

Container components are responsible for fetching data, handling routes and passing data into the 'presentational components' 

We will add 2 routes to `ProductRoutingModule`,  one to each of our new Container Components.

Lastly we will use  `ActivatedRoute` in `ProductDetailComponent` to fetch the `:id` from the route.

Create Container Components for Retrieving Data in an Angular CLI Project

In this lesson we will create the presentational components for the product list and detail pages. These components define how the data is displayed and are being referenced from the Container components.

The new components are `ProductsComponent` and `ProductComponent`.

After using `ng generate` to generate these components, we will update the `ProductListComponent` to invoke `ProductsComponent` and pass in our local `products` array.

In `ProductsComponent` we loop over each of the items we get from the `@Input() products` and pass each one into our `ProductComponent`.

The `ProductComponent` has 2 `Inputs()`, one for the `Product` and a `boolean` that toggles showing the product details. This is useful because don't want to show product details in the list view.

After the `ProductComponent` is implemented the last step is to reference it from the `ProductDetails` container component. 

Create Presentational Components for Displaying Data in an Angular CLI Project

In this lesson we will create the `ProductsService` that is responsible for the interaction with our API. 

We will inject the `HttpClient` that we get from `@angular/common/http`. To make this working we need to import `HttpClientModule` in our `AppModule`.

We define a `getProducts` and `getProduct` method so we can get a list of products and an single product which we will use in respectively the `ProductList` and `ProductDetail` components. 

In both components we will use the `ngOnInit` lifecycle hook to invoke the methods on the service, and retrieve the data by subscribing to it. 

[Link to product api used in lessons](https://github.com/beeman/egghead-products-api)

Create an Angular Service to Retrieve Data from an API 

In our 'container components' we use the `ngOnInit` lifecycle hook to subscribe to our service. While this works, there is a downside: the components get loaded before the data is available, which results in that we show empty components. This is particularly visible on slow connections.

To fix this we create a `ProductsResolver`, and implement the `resolve` method that fetches the data from the service. In `ProductRoutingModule` we add the `resolve` property to our route, and add make the `ProductsResolver` resolve and store the data in the `products` property.

Inside our `ngOnInit` in `ProductListComponent` we can now subscribe to the route data, which makes the usage of the service in this component obsolete.

We do the same for the `ProductDetailComponent`. After this there are no longer empty components, the router will not navigate after the data is retrieved.

Create Angular Resolvers to retrieve the product data from the Service

In this lesson we will install the latest version of Angular CLI and use the `ng new` command to scaffold out the application.

Scaffold a New Angular App using Angular CLI

In this lesson we will add Bootstrap to our project. This allows us to focus on building our app without having to spend too much time writing custom CSS.

We will use grab the URL too the Bootstrap CSS from [bootstrapcdn.com](https://www.bootstrapcdn.com/)  and add it to our project by adding a `@import url('')` statement to `src/styles.scss`.

Add Bootstrap to an Angular CLI Project

The default Angular CLI configuration generates components that consist of 4 files. The component class, an HTML template, a stylesheet and a spec file that contains the unit test.

In order to keep our components concise we  update our `AppComponent` and move the template and style from an external file to inline. This allows us to delete the 2 external files. 

We can configure our project to generate the template and the style 'inline' by default.

To do this we run the commands:
```
ng config schematics.@schematics/angular.component.inlineStyle true
ng config schematics.@schematics/angular.component.inlineTemplate true
```

The changes are made to `angular.json` in the project root.


Configure Defaults for Generating Code with Angular CLI

A default Angular application ships with two default environment files that can store constants that are different for each environment, one for development and the other for production.

We will define the `apiUrl` constant in both development and production environments. 

The value for development is  `http://localhost:3000/api` and the value for production is `https://egghead-products-api.now.sh/api` .

In `angular.json` we can find a `configurations` object where our `production` build is defined. We can see that in a production build, the `environment.prod.ts` will replace `environment.ts`.

[Link to product api used in lessons](https://github.com/beeman/egghead-products-api)

Use the Angular CLI Environment to Define Constants

In this lesson we will add Server Side Rendering to our application using Angular Universal.  We'll build a simple Express application and see how Angular Universal builds and renders our app on the server. 

Since Angular CLI v6 we can simple run `ng generate universal --clientProject store`, where `store` is the name of our app.

In `angular.json` in the `architect.server` object we define a `configurations` object, to make sure the correct environment gets copied on a production build.

To make Angular Universal with lazy loaded modules we need to add the `ModuleMapLoaderModule` to `AppServerModule`, which we get after installing ` @nguniversal/module-map-ngfactory-loader` from npm. 

```
npm install --save @nguniversal/module-map-ngfactory-loader @nguniversal/express-engine
```

In the project root we implement a `server.ts` and define our simple express server.

When we run the new server we see that the app gets rendered before it hits the browser.

Server Side Render an Angular CLI Project with Angular Universal

In this lesson we will add support for deploying our application to [now.sh](https://zeit.co/now).

We will create a `now` object in package.json where we configure the name, the alias and the list of files we want to deploy.

We create an npm run-script called `now-build` and set the value to `true` to skip building the project on `now.sh`. The second run-script called `now` invokes `now deploy && now alias`. 

After this we sun `npm run build && npm run now` to build and deploy our app!

Deploy an Angular CLI Project to now.sh

In this lesson we will create a `UiService` and inside that service we create some application defaults, import the `Title` and `Meta` services from `@angular/platform-browser` and create a function called `setMetaData`.

This function will set the metadata of the application based on the `config` parameter.

We set some defaults and define a list with tags. We then loop over the tags and invoke the `updateTags` method from the `Meta` service.

Once our service is ready we update the `ProductListComponent` and `ProductDetailComponent` to dynamically set the meta data by using the `tap` operator in the `pipe` from our Subscription.  

After building and deploying the app we see that the meta data gets updated, and we can now share the app over Social Media and get rich social previews.

Add dynamic metadata to an Angular CLI Project

In this lesson we will add a Service Worker and convert our app into a Progressive Web Application (PWA). We can do this by running `ng add @angular/pwa`.

We will use Lighthouse to generate a score and gradually improve this score.

Using `ngsw-config.json` we define which `assetGroups` and `dataGroups` should be cached. 

In `index.html` we add a `noscript` tag so there won't be a blank page if the javascript is disabled, and lastly we add `robots.txt` to make sure our site can be indexed.

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