Learn Angularjs, Elasticsearch and Linux

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a powerful expansive cloud infrastructure platform for building modern web applications.

AWS provides services for data, presentation, authentication, security, video encoding, and much more. Offering over 175 fully-featured services from data centers globally, AWS powers a large percentage of the internet.

Now that we are SSH'ed into our EC2 instance we can start modifying the server to actually run the application that we want to to run. Before we do that we want to switch users because you initially SSH you are the root user.

We will start by adding a `ghost-admin` user that we will give sudo permissions to. Once we are logged into that user we will update the server to ensure we are on the latest and greatest versions before installing additional software.


Add and Log In to an AWS EC2 Instance with a sudo User

Node.js is a platform built on Chrome's JavaScript runtime for easily building fast, scalable network applications. Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient, perfect for data-intensive real-time applications that run across distributed devices.

node

Ghost has two hard dependencies which need to be installed before it can run. Those are Nginx and Node.js.

We will start by installing Nginx and set Nginx up to control the traffic coming into the EC2 server. After this, we'll install NVM using the raw install script that they provide on GitHub. With NVM installed we can then install the latest version of Node.js


Install Nginx and Node.js on a AWS EC2 Server

To run Ghost, we first need to install the ghost cli. This can be done with npm now that Node.js is installed on the server.

After installing the CLI we will create a directory `/var/www/ghost` that the actual installation of Ghost will occur in. We'll update the permissions of this file to include the `ghost-admin` user that we are logged in as.


Install Ghost CLI and Create Directory

Angular is a development platform for creating applications using modern web standards. Angular includes a wealth of essential features such as mobile gestures, animations, filtering, routing, data binding, security, internationalization, and beautiful UI components. It's extremely modular, lightweight, and easy to learn.

angular

When migrating AngularJS (v1.x) applications to Angular you [have different options](https://github.com/angular/ngMigration-Forum/wiki/Migration-Paths-Overview). Using Angular Elements is one of them. In this lesson we learn how to integrate an Angular Element into an AngularJS (v1.x) application. We will leverage some features release in the latest AngularJS 1.7.3 that make it fully compatible with custom elements.

Use Angular components in AngularJS applications with Angular Elements

Vim is a highly configurable text editor built to make creating and changing any kind of text very efficient. It is included as "vi" with most UNIX systems and with Apple OS X.

Every programmer starting to work in a *nix environment eventually finds themselves in VIM, the default text editor. Often by mistake! Because VIM lacks the typical polished GUI of normal programs, it can be hard to discover the correct sequence of commands to even exit the program. Once you learn how to exit VIM, then the next task is to also learn how to make VIM do what you want -while- exiting!

In this lesson we cover 7 different ways of exiting VIM, whether you are in EX mode or Command (also known as Escape) mode, whether you are editing a single file or several at once.

Exit Vim

AngularJS is an open-source JavaScript framework, maintained by Google, that assists with running single-page applications. Its goal is to augment web-based applications with model–view–controller (MVC) capability, in an effort to make both development and testing easier.

angularjs

Many times while building an AngularJS application you'll need to manipulate data, and it doesn't make sense to do it with a Controller method. Luckily you have Filters, which are particularly well suited for manipulating text within your HTML views. This handy tool uses a simple syntax to create highly reusable functionality for your apps.

Filters

Manually creating action items every time we need to dispatch an action eventually accumulates to a very tedious process. In this lesson, we will learn how to abstract out the creation of action items so that we consolidate their creation into a single place. This not only creates efficiencies in how we express code but also reduces code volume while simultaneously increasing stability. 

Angular 1.x Redux: Create Reusable Actions with Action Creators

In this lesson, we are going to learn how to enable our store to work with more than one reducer in an application.

Currently, we have set up our store to work with the categories reducer exclusively, but this leaves us with a real problem, what if we want to keep track of the currently selected category within our store so that we can access that data somewhere else in the app? It is safe to say that most applications consist of many data models interacting together, and we need a way to accommodate this within the single state tree in our application.

When we initialize our app store, wouldn't it be convenient if we could take all of our reducers and combine them into one big reducer that our store knows how to work with? Well, this is exactly what the combine reducer method does in Redux. It allows us to combine reducers together and then access them as a named property on our application store.

We currently have a category reducer just hanging out here doing nothing because we have been focusing entirely on the categories reducer. We are going to combine the two reducers so that we can use the current category data within our bookmarks component.

Angular 1.x Redux: Handle Multiple Models by Combining Reducers

Invariably the question that comes up when talking about Redux is how does one handle asynchronous operations in redux. For instance, how do we hand off an operation to redux that requires a remote call to the server? Where exactly does the async part get handled? 

Redux has this concept of middleware that allows us to insert custom logic in the space between dispatching an action, and the moment it reaches the reducer. In this lesson, we are going to set up a few async operations and then use redux thunk middleware to make sure that everything makes it into the reducer properly.

The main key to thunk middleware is that it allows us to return a function instead of an action. This function can encapsulate the async operation and dispatches the appropriate action when the operation is completed.

Angular 1.x Redux: Handle Asynchronous Operations with Middleware

One of the primary advantages of using redux is that reducers are incredibly easy to test. By nature, they have a clearly defined contract of inputs and outputs, and because they are stateless, they require very little instrumentation to test in isolation. 

We will start with a few simple tests for the categories reducer and then move on to testing the CRUD functionality within the bookmarks reducer. 

Angular 1.x Redux: Test Reducers

Up to this point, we have created an effective, yet rudimentary, implementation of Redux by manually creating an application store, reducers and action creators. We have already made significant progress in simplifying state management within our application, but we have in fact only touched the surface of what Redux has to offer.

In this lesson, we are going to introduce ngRedux into our application and let it handle the rest of the heavy lifting as we work through this series. ngRedux is a project that provides angular bindings to redux to streamline integrating it into our application.

Angular 1.x Redux: Integrate ngRedux

In this lesson, we are going to learn how to integrate Redux Devtools into our Angular application.

Redux Devtools is a live-editing time travel environment for Redux. Devtools boasts a list of awesome features but my two favorite ones are that we can inspect every state and action as it happens and we can go back in time by “cancelling” actions.

This is going to be an interesting lesson because, in order for this to work, we are going to need to make something that was written for React work in Angular. For the most part, everything will play side by side with one small trick that we will pull off at the end to force an Angular digest cycle when React manipulates the application store. 

Angular 1.x Redux: Integrate Redux Devtools

One of the biggest mental shifts that developers have to take when embracing redux is shifting from mutable operations to immutable operations. The problem with mutable operations is that they create side effects that involve anything else that is referencing the thing that is being mutated.

With immutable operations within a reducer, a new object is returned for every operation – completely bypassing the possibility that an existing reference is going to be compromised. It is then up to the consumer to decide how they want to get the new data and what to do with it.

In this lesson, we are going to flesh out the CRUD functionality of our bookmarks reducer, doing it first using mutable operations and then refactoring it to use immutable operations.

Angular 1.x Redux: Avoid State Mutation with Immutable Operations

In this lesson, we are going are going to apply everything that we have learned by building out our bookmarks component to be powered by Redux. This will help reinforce all the techniques we have covered by seeing them built out  in a single, contiguous lesson.

We will walk through the steps necessary to phase out the bookmarks model with a Redux implementation that includes building and integrating the equivalent reducers and action creators to integrate into our application.

Angular 1.x Redux: Put It All Together

In this lesson, we are going to learn how to map our Angular component directly to our application store using the connect method on ngRedux. 

In Angular, it is a common technique to bind a controller property directly to the model so that our controllers remain lightweight and operate more as a pass through mechanism than anything else.

Using the connect method, we can accomplish the same effect by not only binding properties directly to the application store, but also binding our controller to our action creators. This allows us to drastically simplify our controllers as we are able to delete a bunch of local controller methods as they become unnecessary because of our mappings.

Angular 1.x Redux: Map State and Dispatchers to Redux

In this lesson, we are going to extend our application store with a subscribe method so that we do not have to manually query our application store every time we dispatch an action.

In our categories controller, we are dispatching a **GET_CATEGORIES** action every time we want to update the categories collection within our application store. For this change to be propagated back into our controller, we need to call **store.getState**. 

Depending on how many times we are calling **store.dispatch**, this could get very cumbersome. We will extend our application by adding a subscribe method so that state changes are automatically pushed into our controller.

Angular 1.x Redux: Subscribe to the Application Store

In this lesson, we are are going to learn how to abstract out state mutations into a reducer. In our current Eggly application, all of the state and business logic for our categories is handled within the categories model. We are going to refactor our code to entirely eliminate the need for our categories model by building out a couple of reducers and seeing how we can interact with them directly. 
The key thing to notice as we build out our reducers is that a reducer itself is completely stateless because it receives current state every single time it needs to calculate and return the new state. With a clearly defined contract of inputs and outputs, this makes testing reducers really easy which is one of the huge benefits of using this approach. 

Angular 1.x Redux: Handle State Mutations with Reducers

In this lesson, we are going to learn how to build an application store so that we can have a single place to store our application state. Reducers are great for updating state because they are stateless, but they are very bad at preserving state, which is vital when you need to reference state in more than one place.

We will build out a simple application store that will be responsible for keeping track of our categories collection that our categories controller can consume.

Angular 1.x Redux: Persist State with an Application Store

Welcome to the series where we are going to learn how to integrate Redux into an existing Angular application.

One of the most challenging aspects of programming is state management. The complexity involved with managing state exponentially increases with each moving piece that we introduce. For every piece of shared, mutable state that we have in our application, there is an opportunity for unintended behavior. For instance, let us say that we have a collection that is shared between two controllers; how do we modify it from one controller with absolute certainty that it isn't going to adversely affect the other?

This is where Redux comes riding in on a white horse and saves the day! By applying Redux to our application, we consolidate all of our states into a single JavaScript object called a store that can only be modified by dispatching an action. To further simplify things, state mutations within our store are handled by pure, stateless functions called reducers. 

Redux was initially created for React, but it is in fact, a really solid programming pattern that we can easily apply to our Angular applications. The beauty of Redux is its simplicity in so much that someone could create an implementation of Redux in less than 10 minutes. This is exactly what we will do in the first couple lessons as we build out our reducers, actions and application store by hand before we introduce ng-redux to handle the rest of our abstractions. 

We will also learn how to combine reducers, introduce middleware for async operations, map state directly to our actions, test reducers and even hook up Redux devtools. By the end of the series, you will have the tools in your hands to tame state management within your angular application while reducing the overall complexity thanks to the simplicity of Redux.

Angular 1.x Redux: Introduction

One of the hardest things about writing non-trivial applications is managing state. In our attempt to effectively manage state, we introduce additional complexity by trying to control application flow and the amount of code volume that comes from all of this. Redux gives us the ability to address state management and communication in astonishingly simple semantics that can be explained in just a couple minutes. The beauty of Redux is that it is not only a library but a pattern that works very will within Angular 1.x applications. In this series, we are going to learn how to integrate redux (the pattern) into Eggly from scratch and then introduce **ng-redux** and add in **Redux DevTools** at the end for fun.

Build Angular 1.x Apps with Redux

Traditionally you had to create DOM elements to test a directive but by shifting our focus to components, writing unit tests got a lot easier using **$componentController** within **ngMocks**. We can now test our component's controller with an easy to use API that does not require us to spin up any DOM elements to do so. In this lesson, we will see how our ES6 tests are transpiled, learn how to test a component using **$componentController** and talk about how to simulate lifecycle hooks.

Test an Angular Component with $componentController

In this lesson, you'll discover how to style View Transitions using CSS pseudo-selectors to create custom animation effects. We'll transform the default cross-fade into a smooth slide transition by targeting the ::view-transition-old and ::view-transition-new pseudo-elements. You'll learn how these powerful selectors give you precise control over your transition animations, allowing you to create more engaging and personalized user experiences with just a few lines of CSS.

Customize View Transitions with CSS Using view-transition-old and view-transition-new

In this lesson, you'll learn how to implement smooth state transitions in your web applications using the browser's built-in View Transitions API. We'll create a simple example that demonstrates how to animate between different text states with just a few lines of code - no external libraries required. This powerful native API makes it easy to add professional-looking transitions to your user interface, enhancing the user experience with minimal effort.

Create Smooth UI Transitions with the Native View Transitions API

I've been using Cursor for a very long time and their "Agent" feature in Composer is fairly new, so I'm still getting used to it. But since Windsurf recently got onto the stage with their Cascade agent, they've slowly been gaining the mind share on the UX for coding agents. I decided to put them to the test by putting Windsurf and Cursor on the exact same screen side by side trying to accomplish the same task and to see which workflow I would prefer. I've been a diehard Cursor user for over a year now, so it's going to take a lot for me to switch to a different IDE. But I just have to say, even from this simple demo, Windsurf is looking pretty nice.

This lesson is just going to walk through creating a CLI using both tools to print out inspirational quotes and to explore how they approach the step-by-step of installing packages and running commands and setting up all the files we need to get this running.

Windsurf Cascade vs. Cursor Composer Agent Side-by-Side Comparison

This TypeScript tutorial explains how to use generics, allowing for different types to be passed as arguments. It discusses the use of shorthand syntax in generics and illustrates with examples. This method is useful for library creation, providing type safety and control to the user.

```typescript
interface PhotoMetadata<T> {
  title: string;
  takenAt: Date;
  customData: T;
}

// Function that processes a photo with custom metadata
function processPhoto<T>(photo: PhotoMetadata<T>): {
  processedTitle: string;
  daysSinceCapture: number;
  customDataSummary: T;
} {
  const today = new Date();
  const daysSinceCapture = Math.floor(
    (today.getTime() - photo.takenAt.getTime()) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)
  );

  return {
    processedTitle: photo.title.toUpperCase(),
    daysSinceCapture,
    customDataSummary: photo.customData
  };
}

// Example usage with different custom data shapes
type CameraSettings = {
  iso: number;
  aperture: string;
  shutterSpeed: string;
}

type LocationData = {
  latitude: number;
  longitude: number;
  locationName: string;
}

// Using with camera settings
const photoWithCamera: PhotoMetadata<CameraSettings> = {
  title: "Sunset at beach",
  takenAt: new Date('2024-01-15'),
  customData: {
    iso: 100,
    aperture: "f/2.8",
    shutterSpeed: "1/1000"
  }
};

// Using with location data
const photoWithLocation: PhotoMetadata<LocationData> = {
  title: "Mountain vista",
  takenAt: new Date('2024-02-01'),
  customData: {
    latitude: 45.5231,
    longitude: -122.6765,
    locationName: "Mount Hood"
  }
};

const processedCameraPhoto = processPhoto(photoWithCamera);
const processedLocationPhoto = processPhoto(photoWithLocation);

processedCameraPhoto.customDataSummary.iso
processedLocationPhoto.customDataSummary.longitude

```

Basic Explanation of Typescript Generics

A very basic explanation of generic function arguments

I've been using Cursor as my primary editor for over a year now, but recently I've heard wonderful things about Windsurf AI Agent features. I decided to record myself building out something I've always wanted to make, but never made the time for.

In this lesson, I demonstrate how to leverage Windsurf's powerful agent process to create a fun word-guessing game inspired by Heads Up. Watch as I build an interactive application featuring category selection and word navigation, complete with data hosting on GitHub Gists and deployment to GitHub Pages - all in under 30 minutes (before editing the lesson down to 12 minutes)!

What makes this project particularly exciting is how Windsurf eliminates the typical friction points of development. While this game was always on my project wishlist, the overhead of setup, configuration, and deployment made it hard to justify the time investment. Windsurf's agent process handles all these pain points seamlessly, from managing URLs to orchestrating deployment.

This lesson perfectly showcases how AI agents can help developers bring their backlog of project ideas to life, transforming what would typically be time-consuming tasks into efficient, enjoyable development experiences.

Build a Word Game with Windsurf's Cascade AI Agent



Discover how to harness the power of Cursor IDE's Composer Agent feature to optimize your code. In this lesson, you'll witness an AI agent doing all the work to generate test suites, implement performance benchmarks, and create optimized function variations - all without writing a single line of code. You'll learn how to validate performance improvements through data-driven benchmarking, ensuring that optimizations are backed by concrete metrics rather than speculation. This hands-on demonstration showcases a groundbreaking approach to automated function development that combines the precision of test-driven development with the efficiency of AI-powered optimization.


Agent-Driven Development in Cursor: Testing, Benchmarking, and Optimizing Functions

This course is aimed for using `zod` effectively in projects based on TypeScript (both browser and node.js). The benefits you gain with this course is not just simply coding, but also understanding when/why/how should you perform runtime validation.

`zod` is the missing piece to TypeScript's capabilities, which can guarantee type-safety only in compile-time.

`zod` can be used whenever the compiler cannot guarantee what happens in runtime. And... it's a very frequent usecase, such as HTTP calls, websockets, etc.

In this course you get quickly up and running by:
1. using `zod` with primitives and objects
2. adapting `zod` quickly to existing projects thanks to automatic generators
3. changing the strategy frm type-first to schema-first
4. using error-throwing `parse` or non-error-throwing `safeParse` basing on your needs
5. applying `zod` to the most common usecase - validating API responses
6. handling errors the most convenient way (out of many!)

Take advantage of runtime validation with `zod`. Take advantage of the detailed lessons in this course 🔥

Effective Runtime Type Checks with Zod


Cursor can now automatically run commands in the terminal and walk step-by-step towards building out your entire project. You give it a goal, then it will suggest the commands you need to run and the files that you need to create and you can work with it to achieve what you're building. This lesson does a quick walkthough of using a Cursor Agent to build a project from scratch and guide it along the way. Cursor Agents definitely feel like a sneak peek at the future of programming!

Cursor Agents Initial Impressions - Allow an AI to Build Your Entire Project

Mock Service Worker is an API mocking library that allows you to write client-agnostic mocks and reuse them across any frameworks, tools, and environments.



Mocking WebSocket APIs with Mock Service Worker


While using anonymous functions might seem convenient, they can create difficulties when trying to identify performance bottlenecks during profiling. This lesson will demonstrate how named functions make it easier to pinpoint and address performance issues, ultimately leading to more efficient and debuggable code. Learning this practice will greatly improve your ability to locate and fix performance issues in complex projects.

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