Learn Aria, Python and Screen-reader

A large number of people are unable to use the web effectively due to an impairment or disability.

As developers there are several tools and techniques we can use to make our web applications accessible, ensuring a great user experience that includes everyone.

We all agree that Accessibility is important. However, it’s a broad landscape and can be overwhelming figuring out where to start!

Erin Doyle is an expert in creating accessible React applications and has developed a course that will give you a concrete process for testing, refactoring, and building your applications with accessibility in mind.

After this course, you'll have a jump start on auditing and fixing accessibility issues in your applications and gain a better understanding of your target users and how to approach your web app design from their perspectives.


React is one of the web’s most popular frameworks for building JavaScript applications. 

If you know what you’re doing, React can drastically simplify how you build, use, and maintain code.

Whether you’re a React newbie or you’re ready for advanced techniques, you can level-up with egghead. Explore our in-depth courses, lessons, and community resources to build more powerful applications and crack open your career.

react

Develop Accessible Web Apps with React

AWS Amplify allows developers to create, configure, and deploy Serverless APIs and functions directly from their front-end environment.In this collection, you'll learn how to deploy various types of APIs and functions using the Amplify CLI. You'll also learn how to share code among various functions using Lambda layers and schedule functions to run at an interval to implement Serverless cron jobs.

JavaScript® (often shortened to JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, object-oriented language with first-class functions, most known as the scripting language for Web pages, but used in many non-browser environments as well such as node.js or Apache CouchDB. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting language that is dynamic, and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

javascript

Up and Running with AWS Amplify Functions

Neural networks, with Keras, bring powerful machine learning to Python applications. They can answer questions like “How much traffic will hit my website tonight?” or answer classification questions like “Will this customer buy our product?” or “Will the stock price go up or down tomorrow?”

In this course, we’ll build a fully connected neural network with Keras. This is the most basic type of neural network you can create, but it’s powerful in application and can jumpstart your exploration of other frameworks. 

We’ll start the course by creating the primary network. Then we’ll:

- build and configure the network, then evaluate and test the accuracy of each
- save the model and learn how to load it and use it to make predictions in the future
- expose the model as part of a tiny web application that can be used to make predictions

You don’t need to know a lot of Python for this course, but some basic Python knowledge will be helpful. Enjoy!

Python is a widely used dynamically typed programming language. It allows for many different programming paradigms including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles.

python

Fully Connected Neural Networks with Keras

In Introduction to Python, we will start at the beginning: Installing python 3 and using virtual environments. With a working environment, we will learn how to manipulate strings and numbers, and gain working knowledge of data structures and flow control. We will build on that by introducing modules and classes and learn how to interact with our python applications using command line switches, console input and files.

At the end of this course, you’ll have a great working knowledge of Python, fully capable of creating your own Python projects from scratch or jumping into an existing application with the capability to read, understand, and contribute to the application.

Check out these [**community notes for this course on Github**](https://github.com/eggheadio-projects/introduction-to-the-python-3-programming-language-notes).

Introduction to the Python 3 Programming Language

Skeleton screens show users that content is loading, offering a vague preview of how content will look once it fully loads.

CSS Animations are crucial for the perceived performance purposes since it shows for the user the content is loading by using animations as feedback for whoever is accessing the page. 

Follow the steps in this course and you will learn how to create a beautiful and pleasant Skeleton Loader for your web app using CSS animations, focusing on Web Accessibility and Web Semantic.

WAI-ARIA, the Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite, defines a way to make Web content and Web applications more accessible to people with disabilities. It especially helps with dynamic content and advanced user interface controls developed with Ajax, HTML, JavaScript, and related technologies. 

aria

Creating Accessible Skeleton Loader Animation from Scratch with HTML and CSS

Accessibility (or a11y) is an important but often neglected in the world of web development. Many developers find themselves coding user interfaces without any knowledge of keyboard or screen reader requirements. 

The fact is that accessibility doesn't happen by accident. Often it is seen as too hard or time consuming. This doesn't have to be the case. By following a handful of high-value patterns and practices, we can open our web apps to humans that otherwise wouldn't be able to interact with them at all.

This course will introduce you to accessibility through hands-on, technical examples that are way more effective than reading 10-year-old static web content.



Start Building Accessible Web Applications Today

Learn how to create tuples in Python. The videos in this collection will also cover more advanced features of tuples

The Ins and Outs of Python Tuples

Misunderstanding scope can cause problems in your application. Watch this lesson to learn how Python scope works and the hidden implications it presents. Local scope, nonlocal scope, and global scope variables are demonstrated and explained.

Understand Scope in Python

A module is a function extracted to a file. This allows you to import the function and use it in any other code you may write. You’ll learn how to create modules, import them, and make them stand-alone as you learn what `if __name__ == “__main__”` means in Python.

Reuse Code in Multiple Projects with Python Modules

Why should you have to write all the code? Why can’t you leverage code written by others? I’ve got great news: you can. You’ll learn how to search pip, Python’s package installer, to find and install packages to add new features and functionality to your application.

Manage packages with pip in Python

Object oriented classes work much like classes in other languages. Learn how to create them and use them, learn the difference between class variables and instance variables, creating class methods, and learn how to create classes that inherit from other classes.

Use Python Classes

AngularJS is an open-source JavaScript framework, maintained by Google, that assists with running single-page applications. Its goal is to augment web-based applications with model–view–controller (MVC) capability, in an effort to make both development and testing easier.

angularjs

Themes convey meaning through color, tones, and contrasts. And the theme color palettes, alphas, and shadows deliver a consistent tone to your application and a unified feel for all Angular Material UI components. Theming allows developers to change the intention and meaning of the application by changing the colors and shadows. 

Accessibility is a huge - often overlooked - feature in modern web applications. Angular Material components all implement ARIA features whenever possible. And for usage scenarios where the ARIA attributes are not explicitly provided and cannot be inferred, then Angular Material will provide details console warnings alerting the developer.

Let’s use the Angular Material Theming service to change the background, primary, accent, and warning colors used within the entire application. These will be configured at startup using the $mdThemeProvider.  

Let’s also resolve the two ARIA warnings shown in console. These originate from icon buttons where the ARIA label cannot be inferred. So let’s add a static aria-label and a dynamic, interpolated aria-label to those buttons.

> This course presented by Thomas Burleson and Aaron Frost

Angular Material: Theming and ARIA

Getting input from the user via a console command can be done with `input` in Python. Learn how to implement it and validate user input in this lesson.

Read Input in Python from the Console

Exceptions cause your application to crash. Handling them allows you to recover gracefully and keep your application running. Learn how to handle exceptions, find what exceptions you should be handling, and exit gracefully in this lesson. You will also learn how you should *not* handle exceptions and when it is better to let your application crash rather than swallowing an exception. 

Handle Exceptions to prevent crashes in Python

Icon buttons are very common in web applications, yet they often have accessibility problems. Learn how to make your icon buttons accessible to keyboard and screen reader users with HTML, CSS, SVG and ARIA.

Accessible Icon Buttons

Are you building a website or web application that takes user input? Then it's important for you to watch this demo. Learn how to create more accessible forms using basic HTML form labels, fieldsets and legends. You'll even learn a bit about what makes Safari's developer tools pretty awesome.

Building Forms with Accessibility in Mind

Webpages are more than simply how they look. By coding with headings, landmarks and semantic HTML, you can expose a rich document outline to users of assistive technologies, as well as search engines. 

Headings and semantic structure for accessible web pages

What is this thing called ARIA? In this lesson, you'll learn about about WAI-ARIA, a.k.a. Accessible Rich Internet Applications, the W3C spec for specifying accessibility information in HTML and SVG. I cover the basics of applying ARIA roles, states and properties, helpful information for creators of user-interface widgets and component libraries. But it's important to note that you might not need ARIA at all! Before using it, it's important to educate yourself on what ARIA does and doesn't do for you.

Intro to ARIA

screen-reader

There are many techniques for hiding content in user interfaces, and not all are created equal! Learn how different hiding techniques in HTML, CSS and ARIA impact keyboard and screen reader users in addition to visual display. As a bonus, we'll also take a look using a screen reader on a mobile device.

How Visible vs. Hidden Elements Affect Keyboard/Screen Reader Users

Learn how to create a modal dialog with accessible keyboard and screen reader mechanics using the native HTML5 dialog element and experimental inert attribute (with polyfills) and JavaScript focus management. We'll explore how to make a DIV or non-modal dialog into a modal one to contrast the differences. Finally, we'll expose accessibility information for NVDA, Voiceover, JAWS and other screen readers.

For more details on creating accessible dialog content, check out this great article by Marco Zehe, Advanced ARIA Tip #2: Accessible Modal Dialogs: https://www.marcozehe.de/2015/02/05/advanced-aria-tip-2-accessible-modal-dialogs/

### Used in this lesson:
- Google dialog element polyfill: https://github.com/GoogleChrome/dialog-polyfill
- Inert attribute polyfill: https://github.com/WICG/inert

Accessible modal dialogs

Learn the basics of web accessibility testing using the keyboard, [Web Developer Toolbar](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/web-developer/), [aXe Firefox extension](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/axe-devtools/), and Lea Verou's [Contrast Ratio](http://leaverou.github.io/contrast-ratio/) tool. We'll look at how to get an overview of a webpage's accessibility, with special attention paid to solving color contrast issues.

For more on accessibility auditing, check out this article: https://marcysutton.com/how-i-audit-a-website-for-accessibility/

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