Learn Aria, Reactfire and Wordpress

WAI-ARIA, the Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite, defines a way to make Web content and Web applications more accessible to people with disabilities. It especially helps with dynamic content and advanced user interface controls developed with Ajax, HTML, JavaScript, and related technologies. 

aria

We'll go over the work it takes to use ARIA to show why Semantic HTML is almost always the safer bet. 

Create a Semantic Checkbox vs an ARIA Checkbox

Debug Computed Accessibility Properties with Chrome Dev Tools

In this lesson, we use the element inspector in Chrome to test and improve our contrast to meet WCAG AA Contrast Ratio Standards.

Resources:
- [WebAIM - Contrast and Color Accessibility](https://webaim.org/articles/contrast/)

Debugging Accessible Contrast with Chrome Dev Tools

In this lesson, we are creating the audio player interface more visually appealing using icons from the React Icons library and Font Awesome, in this process, we are also ensuring that the interface remains accessible to screen readers by providing text descriptions for the icons, first by using the `title` prop on each icon, and then by implementing a `visually hidden` technique that hides the text descriptions from sighted users but makes them available to screen readers. This involves copying and pasting some CSS code to create a visually-hidden class, adding an `aria-hidden` attribute to each icon, wrapping each icon in a React fragment, and then adding a `span` element above each icon with the corresponding text description and the `visually-hidden` class.

**Think about:**  
- Why use `aria-hidden` or visually hide spans? 
- What value does this add to screen reader users?

Design Accessible Buttons Using Icons

In this lesson, we will create event listeners for the play and pause events on an audio player element and use these listeners to update the value of a variable called `isPlaying` that tracks the current state of the player (e.g., whether it is currently playing or paused). The event listeners, named `onPlay` and `onPause`, will be triggered when the user presses the play or pause button on the audio player element itself, not on a custom play button that may have been created.

Add Play and Pause Events to the Audio Player

We are creating an input of type range with an associated label, this input is to represent the current playback position in the audio, and the user will be able to change the playback position using the input.

The input value is set to be the media time state, it is added a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value as the duration. The demonstration shows how the media time state updates accordingly when the user changes the time using the input range.

A function called `onScrubberChange` is added, which takes in an event as an argument and `console.logs` the value of that event. The `onChange` event is added to the input, ensuring it works as expected. A variable sets the media time state and the current time on the audio ref.

**Think about:** Why do we use the `event.target.value` to set the new `mediaTime` (reminder that the value of the range is bound to `mediaTime`....maybe take a look at that with the formatter)

Create the Audio Scrubber to Control Playback Position

In this lesson, we are creating a new state called `mediaTime` with an initial value of 0, updating sample text in the markup to display the value of `mediaTime`, and adding an event listener to the audio element for the `timeUpdate` event.

In the `timeUpdate` event listener callback function, the `mediaTime` state is set to the audio element's current time, which can be accessed using the `audioRef.current.currentTime`. A function is added to the `onTimeUpdate` event of the audio element, to be able to track the current time. And a time formatter is added to format the time for displaying elapsed time and total time.

**Think about:** How often does onTimeUpdate update? (every second, not every millisecond) 

Tracking Audio Playback Progress by Adding Elapsed Time 

We created a duration state with an initial value of zero, then added an event listener to the audio element for the `loadedMetaData` event. In the event listener callback function, you set the duration state's value to be the audio element's current duration. This ensures that the value of the duration state is only set once the audio element metadata is loaded, allowing you to display the accurate total time of the audio file.

**Think about:** Why do we need to set the duration on the `onLoadedMetadata` event?

"The `onLoadedMetadata` event occurs when metadata for the specified audio/video has been loaded." You can read the docs [here](https://www.w3schools.com/tags/av_event_loadedmetadata.asp) 


 Implementing a Duration State 

WordPress is a free and open-source content management system written in PHP and paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database. Features include a plugin architecture and a template system, referred to within WordPress as Themes.

wordpress

We'll look at the minimum requirements to create your own theme. With two files, style.css and index.php, you have all you need to get started. We'll look at how to pass information about the theme to WordPress and how to set-up a direct link to the admin panel.

Create a Stand-Alone Theme in WordPress

Sometimes it's beneficial to add more context for a form field than can be provided by the label. In this lesson, we'll create the `.field-description` class to enable an additional field description. And we'll learn how to ensure users of assistive technology also receive the description in context by associating the description to the field with `aria-describedby`. This text span can also be used to provide validation messages.

Create and Style an Accessible Field Description

Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite — WAI-ARIA — defines a way to make Web accessible to people with any type of disabilities and it’s also a good practice for skeleton loaders.

Attributes such as `tabindex`, `role`, and `aria-*` are essential for assistive technologies such as screen readers. So that, users with any type of visual disabilities can understand that the specific state of the fragment of your page is currently loading, having that validated by using different tools, such as Lighthouse integration via Chrome Devtools, as an example.

Use WAI-ARIA Attributes to improve Web Accessibility of your Skeleton Loader

Test web accessibility using the axe browser extension in Chrome, Firefox or Edge. Axe is an accessibility testing engine for websites and other HTML-based user interfaces.

The tool will run on your site and sort the errors it encounters in order of performance from Critical down to Minor. When you select issues, you'll get a detailed page of of what went wrong and how you can fix it.


Test Web Accessibility Using the Axe Browser Extension

Test web accessibility using the WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool. WAVE is developed and made available as a free community service by WebAIM. 

With the WAVE tool, you can test for accessibility directly in the context of the page. You'll be able to click on errors that you have to learn more about it, why it matters, and how to fix them.

In addition to a detailed summary of the issues on your page, WAVE has tabs for structure and color contrast to give you a detailed view of how your page is doing with both issues 



Test Web Accessibility Using the WAVE Browser Extension

Learn to test for accessibility using Google's Lighthouse tool -- an open-source, automated tool for auditing web pages.
Lighthouse can audit with quite a few different tests (SEO, performance, PWA, etc.). We will only be looking at the Accessibility portion. The audit will show any issues that the site has with links to learn more as well as which elements specifically failed the tests.  


Test Web Accessibility using Lighthouse

WordPress has been around for a long time and powers a huge number of sites.

Just because WordPress isn't brand new doesn't mean it can't get the job done!

Running WordPress as a Headless CMS gives you the benefit of a great content creation experience on the back end with the powerful Gutenberg editor while allowing you to use a modern JavaScript framework on the front-end.

In this course, Kevin Cunningham will guide you through setting up WordPress as a headless CMS from scratch, as well as migrating from an existing WP site. You'll get practice with different WordPress content types, implement a GraphQL endpoint for querying data, and backup & deploy your site. All the while, you'll deepen your understanding of how headless WordPress approaches the relationship between content & rendering.

Using WordPress as a headless CMS turns it into a datasource ready to work with Gatsby, Next.js, or whatever else you want to build with. Your and your clients will be able to take advantage of WordPress's content editing experience, without having to settle for a cookie-cutter theme on the frontend.

With WordPress being decoupled from the rendered site, the database isn't hit for every request. This means faster performance and more security against WordPress exploits. You don't even have to host the editor at the same domain as the published site.

### While watching, consider...

- What are the tradeoffs of using a CMS for a site?
- Would headless WordPress work for me or my clients in this scenario?

WordPress as a Headless Content Management System (CMS) and GraphQL API

There are two approaches to dealing with an extensive media library when using a Headless WordPress solution. The first is that during the build step, the assets are queried and downloaded to a static folder that's served using a CDN. The second approach is that you use a third-party solution like Cloudinary to host your images.

In this lesson, we will use the [Cloudinary WordPress plugin](https://wordpress.org/plugins/cloudinary-image-management-and-manipulation-in-the-cloud-cdn/) to migrate all images from our existing posts to Cloudinary. This approach provides the benefit of managing the assets directly on the WordPress interface and using Cloudinary to serve them.

## Next steps for you to try:

- Add additional data via WordPress Plugins
- Build a frontend for your data with Gatsby or Next.js

Manage Media Assets in a Headless WordPress Site using the Cloudinary WordPress Plugin 

One of the strengths of WordPress is the commenting system. In previous lessons, we have seen how to get the comments alongside the posts.

In this lesson, will use Application Passwords, a WordPress plugin that allows authentication via non-interactive systems (in our case, using REST API) to provide authentication when posting a comment.

Using the auth functionality provided by our API client, we'll `POST` to Posts comments, resulting in a comment associated directly to the HTML of the post.

There are different strategies for publishing comments. The first one is approving and triggering a build using WebHooks. The alternative is using a third-party system, something like DISQUS. But the benefit of keeping the comment directly associated with the HTML is that it becomes indexable and searchable.

Add Comments to a Headless WordPress Post using Application Passwords

It is critical for development that your local environment accurately reflects your remote site. In this lesson, you will learn how to import plugins, configuration, and content from a remote to a local WordPress instance.

There are a few steps to do this:

- Create a fresh install of a WordPress Instance
- Copy the `wp-content` folder over to your local site
- Activate all the necessary plugins that allow the instance to function properly
- Export and import custom post types
- Upload the generate content XML file to the local site

Replicate a Remote WordPress Site Locally by Importing Content and Logic

Not all the data in a WordPress instance needs to be backed up since it is part of the core install and can be re-downloaded at any time. 

The two types of data that you should be concerned with backing up are the actual content of the site as well as the custom logic that you add to WordPress. All the custom logic lives in the `wp-content` folder, the only part of the file system that needs backing up.

Backup Your Content and Custom App Logic in a WordPress Instance

One of the benefits of Headless CMS is that you can build the frontend (almost) however you would like. For instance, you don't have to create a WordPress site. You can use any new cutting edge technology like React or Vue.

In this lesson, we'll add fake data to our WordPress instance with the Faker Press Plugin. We can easily add new users, posts, custom posts, and comments.

Having fake data provides additional information about how to structure our data in a Headless solution.

Add Fake Data to a WordPress Instance with the Faker Press Plugin

The benefit of GraphQL is to have all the data you need in one request, with nothing more or less.

If you had a REST API, you would typically receive the entire object back in your response. This leads to over fetching and can result in performance issues. With GraphQL, you only receive the data you explicitly request.

In this lesson, we will build a GraphQL query that queries only the essential data needed on the front end to display a post.

Build a GraphQL Query with Exactly the Data you need for a Posts Page

 We map over the initial set of results then use `Promise.all` to efficiently fetch the details of each pokemon rendered in the table. This allows us to add more columns to our pokemon table.

Fetch and display row details with Promise.all in Tanstack Table

map over the initial set of results then use `Promise.all` to efficiently fetch the details of each pokemon rendered in the tanstack table

Create a custom hook to fetch remote data by passing a promise to the React 19 `use` hook. Then render this data in Tanstack Table by memoizing the results and passing them to `useReactTable`.

Render remote data in a Tanstack Table with React 19's use hook and a promise

Create a custom hook using React 19’s use to fetch data with a promise. Render it in a Tanstack Table by memoizing and using useReactTable.

You know when you're deep in the code trenches and need someone to challenge your assumptions? That's exactly what this is about.

Instead of waiting for someone to poke holes in your master plan, you can paste that strategy straight into AI Studio and let it pressure test your ideas. We're talking about using this tool to validate everything from your feature proposals to your ambitious refactoring strategies.

The real magic happens when you hit that microphone button. Now you're in a real-time verbal sparring match. It's like rubber duck debugging but the duck actually pushes back and makes you defend every architectural decision you've made.

Here's the workflow:
1. Drop your master plan into the system instructions
2. Tell the AI to challenge every assumption
3. Hit that mic and defend your choices like you mean it
4. Watch your plan either emerge stronger or get rightfully dismantled

This approach is perfect when you're:
- Stuck in your own head with a complex problem
- Need to validate if your approach holds water
- Want to catch edge cases before they catch you
- Looking for opportunities you might have missed because you're too close to the code

It's like having a senior dev on call 24/7, ready to challenge your ideas and push you to think deeper about your solutions.

Now go forth and get your ideas challenged. Your projects will thank you for it.


An Uncomfortable and Challenging Conversation with AI Studio

In this lesson, you'll learn how to effectively brainstorm your project ideas before working with AI agents. We'll cover:

1. The importance of having a clear plan before starting work with AI agents
2. Using traditional brainstorming techniques to gather your thoughts
3. Leveraging video recording to capture your brainstorming session
4. How to review and analyze websites for inspiration
5. Documenting likes, dislikes, and potential features for your project
6. Using AI tools (like AI Studio) to organize and process your recorded brainstorming session

The lesson emphasizes a modern approach to brainstorming that combines traditional techniques with video recording, making it easier to later process your ideas through AI tools. This method helps ensure that no ideas are lost and that your thoughts can be effectively organized by AI for future reference.

How to Brainstorm Your Project Features to Prepare for AI Agents

Many people share .cursorrules files, but trying to craft your own from scratch is a huge pain. Instead, this lesson shows you how to grab ALL community-created .cursorrules files to build a custom rule set for your projects. We'll use Gitingest and Google AI Studio to gather these examples and generate an awesome starting point customized to your specific project.

Generate Custom .cursorrules for Your Project Based on Community Examples

The GitHub CLI allows you to search issues and filter on different criteria like amount of comments. This allows you to search for real-world situations and pains/solutions people have using different technology. 

With the GitHub CLI in hand we'll drop 100s of issues as context in Googles AI Studio and have Gemini determine the 10 most frequently asked questions. This will give us a sense of how people use a library and where people get hung up.

Search 100s of Issues with GitHub CLI as Context for AI Studio

I often find myself wondering how to use certain APIs in certain situations, and I have a couple of keywords that I try and search up on Google. 

What you can do in this situation is turn to GitHub and see how other people have actually used this code on public projects. The GitHub CLI enables us to run searches like this, and we can take the results and work on them programmatically.

Inside of Cursor with their Composer AI agent, we can search for the files we want, tell the agent to download them, and inspect them for better understanding of how those things work together.

Search All of GitHub's Code and Pass the Results to AI Agents in Cursor

Implement virtual scrolling to handle large datasets in an HTML table. Start with a basic table that renders 10,000 rows of data. The browser can struggle with this amount of DOM nodes to render at one time, especially on low end devices. 

We implement tanstack react virtual to render only the necessary amount of rows the user is viewing. The implementation includes proper column sizing, accessibility considerations, and convenient scroll controls, resulting in a smooth and performant table experience regardless of the dataset size.

Create a row virtualized HTML table with Tanstack Virtual

Learn how to implement virtual scrolling in React tables using TanStack Table and Tanstack Virtual with the useWindowVirtualizer React hook.

The most difficult tasks will require the strongest AI models. And those models simply aren't available as AI agents inside of your tooling. So the best workflows are to drag and drop the files you need to be changed and analyzed inside of a reasoning model such as OpenAI's O1 Pro, then letting it create a giant plan for your dumber AI agents to work on. The key here is that instead of just copying and pasting the entire plan into Cursors Composer or your AI agent, it's to create a file inside of your project and ask your agent to tackle the plan one step at a time. This allows you ample opportunity between each step to test and verify the micro steps along the way. Otherwise, as I've experienced many times, a session can go way off track and you burn a lot of time and burn a lot of AI requests Cursors Composer and it starts churning through a plan Cursors Composer and making lots of unwanted changes. Cursors Composer and it's to guide an AI agent to hold its hand along the way, especially through the most complex tasks. Cursors Composer and the most complex tasks Cursors Composer and the most complex tasks require a step-by-step plan.

Planning AI Agent Sessions with Reasoning Models

AI agents will inevitably make mistakes—it's just a matter of when. A key tool in your toolbox, once they do make mistakes after working on a problem for a while, is to use **git diff** to capture all of the changes they've made. 

Once you have those changes in a text file, you have a portable document that you can test against other AI models. This allows you to move the problem into smarter reasoning models with smaller context windows, helping you isolate and focus on the issue at hand.

**git diff** has been invaluable when working with AI agents because they'll often make many good changes but also slip in one tiny error. Finding that one small mistake is **git diff**’s superpower.

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