Learn Elm, Nginx and Ruby

`elm-ui` is a language for layout and interface design. This is a novel iteration on declarative styling where you can use Elm types and functions to define your UI in a declarative way.

The novel part is that it does not require you to know CSS to be used. The API is very simple and can be learned quickly!

The approach taken by `elm-ui` is based on two big ideas: 
Getting the compiler to verify as much of the layout and styling as possible by defining them in Elm code
Enabling refactoring capabilities of Elm for UI code


Elm is a programming language that provides a clean functional syntax for writing HTML web applications. It promises zero runtime exceptions, fast rendering, time-travel debugging, and much more.

Declarative UIs without CSS with elm-ui

Functions are an important building block in Elm. In this lesson we will review stateless functions, function composition, anonymous functions, Currying, and more.

Functions in Elm

Rails is a web-application framework that includes everything needed to create database-backed web applications according to the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern.

rails

Expanding on [Part 1](https://egghead.io/lessons/angularjs-rails-todo-api-part-1), this lesson will look at how to bootstrap AngularJS in a rails application as part of the asset pipeline. With Angular available, you'll see how to communicate with the Rails API using $resource.

Rails Todo API Part 2

Elm includes a data type called `Maybe` which is useful for working with values that may, or may not exist. This lesson shows a simple case where maybe types are encountered, and how to make them useful.

Using "Maybe" in Elm for values that may or may not exist

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. It is a generic, stateless, protocol which can be used for many tasks beyond its use for hypertext, such as name servers and distributed object management systems, through extension of its request methods, error codes and headers.

http

Understand the three basic parts of making HTTP requests in Elm: 1) Building the request, 2) Writing a JSON decoder, 3) Sending the request using the Elm runtime, and reacting to the results with messages.

HTTP requests are just pieces of data in Elm. When we want to send them, we hand them off to Elm's runtime, and it notifies us when the request is done. An important part of working with HTTP requests that fetch JSON is JSON decoding, the process by which we can turn untyped JSON data into Elm types that are safe to work with.

Specs:

- Editor: Atom
- Theme: [Nebula (with Nebula syntax theme)](https://atom.io/themes/nebula-ui)
- Font: [Iosevka with ligatures enabled](https://github.com/be5invis/Iosevka)
- Plugin used for imports: [Elmjutsu](https://atom.io/packages/elmjutsu)
- Plugin used for formatting: [Elm-format](https://atom.io/packages/elm-format)
- Plugin used for linting: [linter-elm-make](https://atom.io/packages/linter-elm-make)


Make an HTTP Request in Elm

NGINX is a free, open-source, high-performance HTTP server and reverse proxy, as well as an IMAP/POP3 proxy server. 

nginx

Learn about the concepts of managing data within Docker volumes, including all of the commands to create and manage volumes. We'll demonstrate how to mount a Docker volume to one or many containers by creating and mounting a volume to an Nginx proxy, and then verify the output with curl. You'll also see how changes to files within volumes of one container propagate to other containers with the same volume mounted, and learn various commands to inspect Docker volumes.

Manage Data within Docker Volumes

AngularJS is an open-source JavaScript framework, maintained by Google, that assists with running single-page applications. Its goal is to augment web-based applications with model–view–controller (MVC) capability, in an effort to make both development and testing easier.

angularjs

Rails makes an excellent choice for delivering data to AngularJS via REST apis. In this first lesson of a two part series, you'll see how to create a simple API for CRUD operations on TODOs using Rails. This isn't an introduction to Rails, and assumes you know the basics. 

Rails Todo API Part 1

Before writing any Elm we need to first install the runtime locally. In this lesson we install the Elm runtime locally and set up a simple application to verify everything is working properly.

Installing and setting up Elm

We are going to take a high-level look at what an Elm application looks like? We show how to structure apps, as well as, Elm’s elegant syntax by building a small app.

Elm in 7 minutes

Decoding JSON strings in Elm is a 2-step process:

1. Create a "recipe" for the decoding
2. Perform the decoding

This lesson gives a couple basic examples of the two steps in action.

Decode a List of Numbers From a JSON String in Elm

Learn how to setup an Nginx proxy server with Docker that sits in front of a Node.js app. You can use a proxy to control the flow of frontend requests hitting your app, as well as to achieve better performance and scalability. We'll create a sample Node.js app, configure a default Nginx configuration file for proxying web requests, build both Node.js and Nginx Docker images, and learn how to link everything up and get it running with Docker specifics.

Setup an Nginx Proxy for a Node.js App with Docker

List are an important collection in Elm. In this lesson we learn to create list as well as apply functions to filter, add, and transform them.

List in Elm

**Notice**:  This lesson uses Elm 0.17!

[Here's a document about the important differences between 0.16 and 0.17](https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-platform/blob/master/upgrade-docs/0.17.md).

This lesson gives a rapid-paced introduction to what's known as the Elm Application Architecture. You can read about it in greater detail here:

[guide.elm-lang.org](http://guide.elm-lang.org/architecture/index.html).

We'll build a counter that utilizes the standard Elm combination of a model, a view, and update function.

See the linked code for a good starting place.

Build a Tiny App Using the Standard Elm Architecture

This lesson will take you from nothing to a small Elm app that prints text to the browser.

Create your first web page with Elm

Create a search directive with AngularJS and Rails. You'll want to take a look at the related [Rails TODO API Part 1](https://egghead.io/lessons/angularjs-rails-todo-api-part-1) and [Rails TODO API Part 2](https://egghead.io/lessons/angularjs-rails-todo-api-part-2). This is **not** a Rails how-to, so some knowledge there is expected to get up and running.

Search Directive with Rails

Records are important data structures in Elm. In this lesson we learn to create a record as well as describe the record by creating a type. We will also see how these new types can be used to clean up our annotations.

Records in Elm

In this lesson we will take a basic application, bootstrapped with [create-elm-app](https://github.com/halfzebra/create-elm-app), and begin converting the `div`s and `h1`s into `style-element`s.

Style elements separate our styles from the layout and positioning of elements. The `Element` module gives us everything we need for our view while the `Style` module will be the base for creating our stylesheet.

Render a Basic Element with style-elements in Elm

Node.js apps built with Docker cannot scale horizontally by themselves. In this lesson we will spawn out multiple Node.js processes/containers, and move the incoming request handler to an Nginx proxy to load balance and properly scale our Node.js app.

Scale Docker Horizontally with Nginx Load Balancing

Turning JSON strings into types, also known as JSON Decoding is an important part of using Elm. It allows the programmer to use json-encoded data while staying completely aware of when the JSON might not match the programmer's expectations, all without throwing a run-time error! This lesson will show the viewer how to turn a simple JSON object into an analogous Elm record and use it to render some content to the screen.

Turn a JSON string Into Typed Data in Elm

Jekyll is a parsing engine bundled as a ruby gem used to build static websites from dynamic components such as templates, partials, liquid code, markdown, etc. Jekyll is known as "a simple, blog aware, static site generator".

jekyll

[Jekyll](https://jekyllrb.com/) is a static site generator built in [Ruby](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/) and available to generate and host websites on [GitHub Pages](https://pages.github.com/). In this course, you'll install the Jekyll gem, use the command line tool to generate a new project, inspect the scaffolded project, and finally, serve the starter website.

Install Jekyll and generate initial, scaffolded website

If you make a mistake when naming your database column, and have data that you want to keep unchanged. You can use the change method with the rename_column definition in your migrations files to update a single column name in your database.

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