Learn Express, Graphql and Javascript

On the surface, starting a project sounds easy. First you make some directories, install some dependencies, then you write some code.

But there's a bit more to it than just those three steps.

The type of project you're working on impacts the decisions you make. It gets more complicated when you're working on multiple projects that are related. For example, maybe you have a customer-facing frontend app, an admin dashboard app, and a single backend used for both.

How does this change your directory structures? How should you share code between projects? What happens when you add a Design System into the mix?

It can get hard to keep things straight in your head.

Nx is a tool that aims to solve these problems for you, whether you're working solo on a small full-stack app or on a dev team of thousands.

It's not just an opinionated folder structure. When you create an app with Nx, it generates unit and e2e test setups as well as preparing bundling and code-splitting with Webpack, and stubbing out common features like routing.

One of the coolest features of Nx is its Dependency Graph. The graph can visually show you the relationship between the parts of your application, and is optimized to ensure that compiling, testing, and linting only happens in the affected areas of your project.

In this course, Juri Strumpflohner demonstrates these features and more through the iterative creation of a React + Storybook + Express app. Don't worry if this isn't your preferred stack! Nx supports the most popular frameworks & libraries on the web.

More importantly, the focus of this course is more on the workflow than the implementation.

Watch Juri's course, and see if the Nx tooling & workflow is right for you and your team!

React is one of the web’s most popular frameworks for building JavaScript applications. 

If you know what you’re doing, React can drastically simplify how you build, use, and maintain code.

Whether you’re a React newbie or you’re ready for advanced techniques, you can level-up with egghead. Explore our in-depth courses, lessons, and community resources to build more powerful applications and crack open your career.

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Scale React Development with Nx

Optional chaining ?. in javascript is a new feature introduced in ES2020. Optional chaining changes the way properties are accessed from deeply nested objects. It fixes the problem of having to do multiple null checks when accessing long chain of object properties in javascript.

JavaScript® (often shortened to JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, object-oriented language with first-class functions, most known as the scripting language for Web pages, but used in many non-browser environments as well such as node.js or Apache CouchDB. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting language that is dynamic, and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

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Optional Chaining

One of the most well-known GraphQL features is that it lets you do things like replacing multiple REST calls with a single query. You might have done some query experimentation with demo APIs or working on a Gatsby site. 

But there's more to GraphQL than just making queries.

For example, with mutations and subscriptions, GraphQL can smooth out the process of implementing real-time features in your web applications.

In this new course, you'll get practice with these features as egghead's own Ian Jones guides you through building a real-time chat app that's backed by GitHub Issues.

The tools used for the course are OneGraph and Formidable Labs' urql client.

OneGraph is great because it allows you to expose a single GraphQL endpoint that can access data from multiple services including GitHub, Stripe, Airtable, and more. It handles things like authentication for us as well, as you'll see in the course.

At Formidable Labs, the team released urql as a lighter weight alternative to Apollo or Relay that supports the most common interactions with a GraphQL server through their handy React Hooks. 

The course starts with a fresh Create-React-App and touches upon topics like using GraphQL query variables, working with Hooks, handling authentication with React Context, and setting up & consuming the GraphQL subscription.

Along the way, Ian also works through debugging some common errors that you may encounter when developing your own GraphQL apps in the future!

React Real-Time Messaging with GraphQL using urql and OneGraph

JavaScript is full of inconsistent APIs. Wrapping those APIs in functions allows you to have full control over how to configure them and make them more reusable.

This becomes even more beneficial when dealing with the async nature of JavaScript. You'll learn how a broadcaster is a function that wraps another function (which we call listeners) and modifies the behavior. We will build up this pattern in a way that allows you to compose broadcasters together making your code more reusable.

**You're in Section 02 of [Composing Closures and Callbacks in JavaScript](https://egghead.io/playlists/composing-closures-and-callbacks-in-javascript-1223)**

Establish Callback and Closure patterns Around Async Browser Behaviors

_Note: this course is being published and released as it is recorded, and is still incomplete. It is slated to be around a dozen videos._

Learn how to build PlaylistHunt, a fully featured app with authentication, authorization, a GraphQL API, and more, using up and coming modern tools, including:

- Gatsby
- Hasura
- Heroku
- Auth0
- Chakra UI

[View the demo](https://playlisthunt.netlify.app/) live online!

Most tools used are open source, with the exception of Auth0 and Heroku, which offers a generous enough free tier for hobby apps to be developed without any problems.

## Modern techniques

In the process, implement techniques to make your app experience dynamic on some portions, and static in others. 

Learn to how to build for Gatsby's vast and powerful plugin ecosystem by creating 3 of your own custom plugins in the process.

Use the latest and greatest of Gatsby, like the brand new [file-system routing APIs](https://www.gatsbyjs.com/docs/file-system-page-creation/). 

## Who is this course for?

Intermediate developers with some existing knowledge of React and web development are best suited for this course. The pace is a little quicker and aims at showing how all the pieces connect together to make a modern JAMstack app.

Gatsby is a blazing fast static site generator built with React. Gatsby gives you all of the modern JavaScript tools you want; set up and ready to go out of the box.

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Build a full-stack JAMstack application with Gatsby, Hasura, and Auth0

In this collection, we'll go through each of the standard hooks offered by the React library, learn how they work and build small applications that leverage them internally.

React Hooks: Revisited

In the previous section, [07 Building Light Search Box](https://egghead.io/playlists/building-light-search-box-bb64), we implemented a search box with the pattern that we've built in this course. This works great but doesn't have as much business logic applied as other async scenarios.

In this section, we will implement a word game where the values coming in from the user will be piped to different listeners to be consumed. Along the way, complex business logic will be applied to determine if the user won the game or not.

**You're in Section 08, the last of [Composing Closures and Callbacks in JavaScript](https://egghead.io/playlists/composing-closures-and-callbacks-in-javascript-1223)**

Implementing a Word Game with Patterns and React

In this section, we will introduce another concept to the pattern that we've created: 

**Operators**.

Operators are the final big piece that allows us to bend all asynchronous behaviors to our will. They give us a chance to redefine broadcasters and listeners in any way we want. 

We'll several operators throughout this section to implement mapping, filtering, and piping behaviors (and more!).

By the end, you'll get a real sense of how you can continue building on top of the functionality you've already built.

**You're in Section 03 of [Composing Closures and Callbacks in JavaScript](https://egghead.io/playlists/composing-closures-and-callbacks-in-javascript-1223)**

Use the Callback and Closure Pattern to Build Advanced Async Behaviors

The concept of 'done-ness' is not something that is often considered when writing functions in JavaScript — you end up just running out of data or a function stops getting called.

There are many async scenarios that make sense to signal that work is completed. 

By following a completion pattern, we can easily trigger repetition and sequencing (async or not) into our code.

**You're in Section 05 of [Composing Closures and Callbacks in JavaScript](https://egghead.io/playlists/composing-closures-and-callbacks-in-javascript-1223)**

Use a Completion Pattern to enable Repetition and Sequencing

Now that you've been introduced to the pattern in-depth, let's implement it in a few common Async Scenarios.

You'll notice the benefits of re-using broadcasters through different scenarios as well as tweaking behavior through operators like when to start and stop code.

**You're in Section 04 of [Composing Closures and Callbacks in JavaScript](https://egghead.io/playlists/composing-closures-and-callbacks-in-javascript-1223)**

Implement the Pattern in Common Async Scenarios

Before we dive deep into the pattern of composing callbacks and closures, we need to take start with the definitions and basic building blocks that we will be using for the rest of the course. 

You'll be able to answer questions like:

- What is a Closure?
- What is a Callback?
- Why does Callback Hell happen and how can we handle it?

We will see that by establishing a contract between functions and holding to the pattern that is established, you will have gained a lot of power and flexibility in writing reusable, robust functions.

**You're in Section 01 of [Composing Closures and Callbacks in JavaScript](https://egghead.io/playlists/composing-closures-and-callbacks-in-javascript-1223).**

Introduction to Callbacks, Broadcasters, and Listeners

How does e-commerce work on the Jamstack? 

Jason Lengstorf and [Thor 雷神](https://twitter.com/thorwebdev) teamed up on _Learn With Jason_ to [build a serverless Stripe Checkout implementation](https://www.learnwithjason.dev/sell-products-on-the-jamstack). This collection is a cleaned up, egghead-style tutorial for selling products on a Jamstack site using Netlify Functions and Stripe Checkout.

Sell Products Using Stripe Checkout and Netlify Functions

As developers, we have a responsibility to protect the data our users trust us with. No one wants to wake up to the news that their site was hacked and all of the user accounts stolen.

Security is important, yet it is often overlooked and forgotten.

Part of the reason for this is that security seems hard to get right. This results in developers crossing their fingers and hoping for the best.

In this course, you'll learn how to protect your application by learning how to attack it.

Start your journey into web security today!

Check out these [**community notes for this course on Github**](https://github.com/wjohnson85/eggheadio-web-security-essentails).

Express is a minimal and flexible Node.js web application framework that provides a robust set of features for web and mobile applications.

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Web Security Essentials: MITM, CSRF, and XSS

The difficulty of managing state is one of the primary reasons our applications become so complex. We try and manage this complexity with a lot of booleans, somewhat semantic variables like `isLoading`, `wasFetched`, and `hasError`, and over-engineered systems that are _still_ full of bugs. Surely, there's a better way.

That better way is *state machines*.

State machines formalize how we define and transition through the states of our application and give us ultimate control of the most complex parts of our apps.

In this course, we will explore the problems state machines purport to solve, like boolean explosion. We'll try to solve it our own way first, get so far, and then demonstrate how state machines get us all the way. After that, we'll dive into the XState library, JavaScript's premiere state machine library, to learn its API and how to use it to solve our problems.

By the time you're done taking this course, you should have a solid education about state machines and be able to start applying them.

Statecharts are a formalism for modeling stateful, reactive systems. This is useful for declaratively describing the behavior of your application, from the individual components to the overall application logic.

xstate

Introduction to State Machines Using XState

A large number of people are unable to use the web effectively due to an impairment or disability.

As developers there are several tools and techniques we can use to make our web applications accessible, ensuring a great user experience that includes everyone.

We all agree that Accessibility is important. However, it’s a broad landscape and can be overwhelming figuring out where to start!

Erin Doyle is an expert in creating accessible React applications and has developed a course that will give you a concrete process for testing, refactoring, and building your applications with accessibility in mind.

After this course, you'll have a jump start on auditing and fixing accessibility issues in your applications and gain a better understanding of your target users and how to approach your web app design from their perspectives.


Develop Accessible Web Apps with React

Using immutable data structures provides many benefits, including making your code easier to reason about and less prone to bugs.

However, since JavaScript doesn't include support for immutable data structures out of the box, you need to use a third party library. But which one to choose?

In this self-paced workshop, Immer's creator Michel Westrate will guide you through the creation of a multi-user Gift Tracking app.

You'll learn the basics of using Immer to handle immutable state updates, then go further into change distribution and implementing an undo/redo.

After this workshop, you'll be ready to leverage immutable data structures in your own applications!

Immutable JavaScript Data Structures with Immer

GraphQL brings joy to using APIs. Even though it's based on a type system, GraphQL in many ways is more flexible than REST.

But the flexibility that makes GraphQL a joy to work with can have its downsides if you aren't careful.

Schema design is an area where one small oversight at the beginning can get you stuck having to deal with weird naming, bloated duplicates, and other annoying workarounds.

It doesn't have to be like this!

Nik Graf has extensive experience designing GraphQL schemas, for a variety of business applications.

In this course, Nik has prepared several examples following different design patterns. Through exploration and comparison, you'll come away with actionable knowledge for designing and extending schemas.

Follow Nik, and avoid making Schema mistakes that will come back to bite you later.

GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. GraphQL provides a complete and understandable description of the data in your API, gives clients the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more, makes it easier to evolve APIs over time, and enables powerful developer tools.

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Designing GraphQL Schemas

It all starts with syntax. From there, once you’ve got the concepts down, you can move into using a framework where you figure out how to make things “just work”.

Everything is great, until it’s not.

If someone put you on the spot right now and asked you to explain `this`, would they like your answer?

What about prototypal inheritance or coercion?

In this workshop, you’ll be taking things to the next level, shining a light into “black-box” concepts like prototypes, the `this` keyword, and what primitive types are.

Tyler will walk you through each concept, and build your understanding through examples in the areas you need to know.

Advanced JavaScript Foundations

Express is a well-known and supported framework for Node web applications. It provides a lot of excellent functionality to process requests, interact with other APIs, handle authentication and return appropriate requests for any client.

This collection will look at providing an API for a specific application but will explore concepts that will be helpful in building a wide variety of applications.

Building an API with Express

This is a list of web components lessons showing the technologies behind it and some practical ways to use it now in production.

Web Components

GraphQL is gaining traction as one of the most popular ways to create an API. Regardless of which GraphQL implementation you pick, you’ll use the QL in GraphQL — the query language — to query data, change data with mutations, and listen for data changes with subscriptions.

You need to know the Query Language regardless of the server-side implementation.  In this course, we will learn the GraphQL query language by sending an assortment of GraphQL operations to an existing API. 

To start, we’ll learn how to write queries to obtain all the data needed for an app in one response. As the course progresses, we’ll use mutations to add and change data. To wrap up, we’ll investigate GraphQL subscriptions and realtime data. 

After the course, you’ll be ready to communicate with a GraphQL API regardless of server-side implementation using the GraphQL query language.

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