Learn Figma, Microsoft and Python

Python is a widely used dynamically typed programming language. It allows for many different programming paradigms including object-oriented, imperative, functional programming, and procedural styles.

python

To take the user input in Python you use a built-in method input(). The data type of the user input is string. Later based on the use case the data type of the user input can be changed to a different data type based on the requirement.

 Example:

1. 
```
>> a = input("Enter your birthday date ")
>> 31
>> a
>> '31' 
```

2. 
```
>> b = input("Enter List of numbers: ")
>> [1, 2, 3, 4]
>> b
>>  '[1, 2, 3, 4]'
```

NOTE: While creating the example Python interpreter is used which is why the program waits for the user to input. And, once the user enters the input then prompts the user to enter the next line of code.


Use built-in method input() to take User Input in Python

Use the equality operator to compare the values of the objects. Identity operator is used to verifying that objects are equal but are not referring to the same object in memory. 

Use cases where identity operator is used are:
- to test if the object is None
- to test if the object is of a particular type or not

There may be use cases where the output returned by both the operators is the same. But, in your program, you have used the identity operator instead of the equality operator. 

To avoid such mistakes it is important to understand the difference between identity and equality operator.


Difference between Equality Operator and Identity Operator in Python

The identity operator is used for checking whether the object is of the mentioned type.

Example:

```
>> a = "Hello World!"
>> type(a) is str
>> True
```
The result returned in the above case is true because the type of object is str. 

Identity operator is also used to compare the object with None. 

Example:

```
>> a = None
>> a is None
>> print(a)
>> True
```

Internally, the identity operator compares the memory address of the objects. Built-in `id()` method returns a unique number i.e address of the object in memory. If the address of both the objects in memory is the same identity operator returns the result as True.

Example:

```
>> a = 10
>> b = 10
>> a is b
>> True
>> id(a)
>> 916744
>> id(b)
>> 916744
```

The above code snippet tells us that value of both the objects is the same and variables `a` and `b` are referring to the same object in memory. 



Identity Operator in Python

Variable names in Python can be of any length. Variables names can have alphabets [A-Z][a-z], digits [0-9] and underscores. A variable name starting with a digit is an invalid variable name. 

Variable Names in Python

Built-in id() method determines the memory address of the object in Python. Knowing this concept will help you in understanding what happens under the hood when you use identity operator (is and not is). 

Use Built-in id() Method to Determine the Memory Address of the Object

While solving real-life use cases through programming and also while testing your code you will come across scenarios where you have to compare the value of different objects. And, then to solve the problem you can use the equality operator.

Use Equality Operator to Compare the Value of Objects in Python

React Native lets you build mobile apps using only JavaScript. It uses the same design as React, letting you compose a rich mobile UI from declarative components.

react-native

How to create an app icon from scratch, generate the required sizes, and add to your iOS app.

Image editing - [Figma](https://www.figma.com/) is a free online design tool used in the video. You can use any design tool you like, such as Photoshop, Sketch etc, as long as the output is a 1024x1024 .png image.

Asset generator - [Iconizer](https://raphaelhanneken.com/iconizer/) is a free mac app for generating the correct sized assets from your icon.

Design and Add a Custom App Icon with Figma to Your React Native iOS App 

Tuples are immutable so there is no way to add or replace items in tuples. There is a way to get around this by adding two tuples into one. 

Understand Immutability with Python Tuples

AWS Amplify allows developers to create, configure, and deploy Serverless APIs and functions directly from their front-end environment.In this collection, you'll learn how to deploy various types of APIs and functions using the Amplify CLI. You'll also learn how to share code among various functions using Lambda layers and schedule functions to run at an interval to implement Serverless cron jobs.

JavaScript® (often shortened to JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, object-oriented language with first-class functions, most known as the scripting language for Web pages, but used in many non-browser environments as well such as node.js or Apache CouchDB. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting language that is dynamic, and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

javascript

Up and Running with AWS Amplify Functions

Learn to create a one item tuple. When creating a one item tuple, a comma has to be included after the item. Otherwise, your tuple will not return tuple as its data type. 

Create a One Item Tuple in Python

Learn how to create a tuple in Python. A tuple is an immutable data type that contains several items similar to a list. Items in a tuple can be of any data type.

Create a Tuple in Python

Design, prototype, and gather feedback all in one place with Figma.

figma

Keyboard shortcuts speed up our workflow, and make us aware of some features we didn't know existed. Figma has an awesome in app menu for exploring the keyboard shortcuts available to us.

Figma Keyboard Shortcuts

Figma Auto Layout gives our designs superpowers. By adding auto-layout to our button component, we can change the text within the button while automatically maintaining consistent horizontal and vertical padding, just like we would in code.

Build an Adaptive Button with Figma Auto Layout

Using the `open` function, and the `as` and `with` keywords, we'll open up and read from a file. At the end of this lesson, you will be able to loop through the lines of text in a file, process the text in Python, and then print them to the terminal.

Read from a File in Python

In this lesson, you'll learn how to deploy a serverless function using the Python runtime, connect it to an API endpoint, and interact with it from a React application.

Creating a full stack serverless app with Python, React hooks, and AWS Amplify Functions

OpenGraph images are the images you see when you paste a link into a social platform and it "unfurls" into an image, title, and description. This happens on Twitter, Discord, Slack, and many other platforms. This collection goes over everything from designing OpenGraph images in Figma, to implementing them in CodeSandbox, to returning headless browser screenshots from Netlify Functions, and finally using Cloudinary as a write-through cache. 

You will come away from this collection with the ability to ship an API that you can use on any of your sites, and also on-demand, that can generate images for not only OpenGraph unfurls, but also for Instagram, GitHub, and more. Using headless browsers with playwright to generate our images means we get full access to all the responsive power of CSS and all the logical power of JS to handle layout, importing assets like pngs, choosing different fonts, and more.

The image below is generated via the project you'll build and deploy in this course

![An example opengraph image](https://relaxed-payne-d1bfbe.netlify.com/opengraph?title=Building%20an%20OpenGraph%20image%20generation%20API%20with%20Cloudinary%20Netlify%20Functions%20and%20React&tags=figma,netlify%20functions,playwright&author=chrisbiscardi)

React is one of the web’s most popular frameworks for building JavaScript applications. 

If you know what you’re doing, React can drastically simplify how you build, use, and maintain code.

Whether you’re a React newbie or you’re ready for advanced techniques, you can level-up with egghead. Explore our in-depth courses, lessons, and community resources to build more powerful applications and crack open your career.

react

Building an OpenGraph image generation API with Cloudinary, Netlify Functions, and React

Figma is a web-based collaborative interface design tool that we can use to prototype the look and feel of our OpenGraph cards. We dive into a few of the basic features using [Ryan Warner's](https://twitter.com/ryanwarnercodes) community [social branding templates](https://twitter.com/ryanwarnercodes/status/1239578329340170240), such as text placement, using the eyedropper and color tools, as well as pulling in gradients as images to fit our working area.

* [Social Branding Template](https://www.figma.com/community/file/820337605519256142)
* [Gradient Magic](https://www.gradientmagic.com/)

Designing OpenGraph unfurls in Figma

Just about every tool in our accessibility auditing toolkit can help us identify any issues with sufficient color contrast ratio on a web page.  The react-axe library and axe browser extension both report findings on all elements with insufficient contrast ratios.  The tota11y browser extension will annotate any elements with their contrast ratios and color those that are insufficient in red.  

Additionally, we need to use our experience tools to see what some of our users out there may we seeing.  We need to test with high contrast browser extensions as well as the display settings in Windows and Mac.  If our users with visual impairments are using these tools we need to see what our application looks like using them because we may find that under a certain mode some things may suddenly be harder to read or virtually invisible.

## Resources
* https://www.scottohara.me/blog/2019/02/12/high-contrast-aria-and-images.html

Test for Insufficient Color Contrast Accessibility Issues

We should not use color alone as the only visual means of conveying information, indicating an action, prompting a response, or distinguishing a visual element.  Users may not be able to see/understand the differences in color and require additional indicators.

Along with color, use additional indicators such as:
* typography
* shapes
* grids
* spaces
* and/or allocate more weight to important elements

## References:
* http://www.particletree.com/features/interfaces-and-color-blindness/
* https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/10/color-contrast-tips-and-tools-for-accessibility/

Use More than Color Alone to Convey Information in a Web Page

Sometimes you get strings instead of objects and you have to parse them out. Here's an example where the raw data I got from a Twitch chatbot message wasn't useful to me until I parsed it into a dictionary.

Turning a key/value string into a dictionary in Python

Figma is a collaborative prototyping tool that allows you to responsively design your applications, with resolution presets for all of the most popular devices. In this course, we will explore the fundamentals of Figma’s toolset that you can use for various design functions. 

We will start from scratch, then walk through scenarios you may encounter when designing a website or application. We will cover building reusable designs — known as “components” in Figma — all the way up to prototyping your designs to show screen transitions and animations between state. 

By the end of the course, you will understand the basics of Figma so you can use it to your advantage when building your next app or website.

The Beginner's Guide to Figma

Creating powerful and context-aware tools for Cursor IDE becomes straightforward when leveraging information directly from your current project. In this lesson, you'll learn how to build a custom MCP (model context protocol) tool that intelligently requests essential details—such as the current project path and conversation summaries—from your Cursor project.

Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:

- Define MCP tool parameters to request specific project details.
- Pass project path and conversation summaries into your MCP tool.
- Automatically write or update files within your current project using these parameters.

Key benefits:

- Automate tasks with precision based on your active project's context.
- Simplify interactions by creating AI-driven CLI commands tailored to your needs.
- Open endless possibilities for integrating external APIs and advanced automation.

Through this practical demonstration, you'll gain a versatile technique for enhancing your development workflow in Cursor IDE.

[https://github.com/johnlindquist/mcp-cursor-tool-starter](https://github.com/johnlindquist/mcp-cursor-tool-starter)

John Lindquist

Build MCP Tools Using Project Context for Custom Cursor IDE Automation

Setting up custom MCP (Machine Command Protocol) servers in Cursor can involve tedious steps, such as configuring node paths or referencing additional commands. This lesson shows how to streamline this process by bundling your MCP server directly into a standalone executable.

Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:

- Use a simple MCP server project starter.
- Run a single bundling command to create an executable.
- Right-click the generated executable, copy its full path, and add that directly to your Cursor settings.

Key benefits:

- Eliminates the need for complex node path configurations.
- Simplifies the setup and integration of custom MCP servers into Cursor.
- Makes the server executable instantly accessible within your Cursor environment.

By following this streamlined approach, you can quickly and easily integrate custom MCP servers into Cursor, making your development workflow cleaner and more efficient.

[https://github.com/johnlindquist/mcp-cursor-tool-starter]()

Easy MCP Server Setup in Cursor IDE with Bundled Executables

TanStack Router is the foundation for TanStack Start, which is gaining significant attention due to its innovative approach to application development.

This course focuses on getting effective TanStack Router, a modern and scalable routing solution for React applications. You will learn how to:
- set up and scaffold new applications,
- use file-based routing
- create nested routes
- manage dynamic route parameters and more.

The course covers advanced features like route loaders, caching strategies, and lifecycle hooks, which are crucial for enhancing application performance and user experience.

By understanding TanStack Router, you can build more efficient, type-safe, and maintainable applications, leveraging its integration with data fetching libraries like TanStack Query.

This knowledge is essential for developers looking to improve their routing skills and stay ahead in the field.

Tomasz Ducin

Up and Running with Tanstack Router and React

Learn TanStack Router for React: set up apps, use file-based routing, manage routes, and boost app performance.


In this lesson, we explore how TanStack Router integrates with the [native browser history API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/History) to manage navigation.

As we navigate through different routes, the URL changes are stored in the browser's history, allowing users to use the forward and backward buttons to traverse their navigation history.

This functionality also **enables permalinks**, meaning users can copy and paste URLs to access specific routes directly.

Additionally, we learn how to programmatically interact with the history object to move forward or backward through the navigation stack, enhancing the user experience by providing full control over navigation actions.

This compatibility with the native history API ensures that TanStack Router applications behave similarly to traditional websites, offering a seamless and intuitive user experience.

Browse History in Tanstack Router

Browse history in TanStack React Router using the native history API for seamless navigation

In this lesson, we explore how to hook into TanStack Router's lifecycle hooks to execute custom logic during route changes.

The hooks we'll look into are: `onEnter`, `onStay`, and `onLeave`, which are triggered when entering, staying within, or leaving a route, respectively.

All hooks receive a detailed match parameter, providing information about the route's path, ID, and tons of other details.

This allows for the implementation of features like animations or logging when navigating between routes.

We also learn how to use these hooks to track and manage state changes as users interact with the application, making it easier to implement complex behaviors based on route transitions.

Hook into Route Lifecycle Hooks in Tanstack Router

Hook into TanStack React Router's lifecycle hooks for custom route logic and animations.

In this lesson, we learn how to handle not found errors in TanStack Router by using the `notFoundComponent` at both nested and global levels.

To trigger the display of a `notFoundComponent`, we must throw a specific error using the `notFound` function within a loader or other lifecycle method of a route. This approach allows us to provide custom error messages for specific routes or globally across the application.

We explore how to define a notFoundComponent within a specific route's configuration and how to set a `defaultNotFoundComponent` at the router global level, which applies to all routes unless overridden locally. This flexibility ensures that users receive meaningful feedback when encountering non-existent routes.

Provide NotFoundComponent at Nested Route or Global Level in Tanstack Router

Handle notFound errors in TanStack Router with notFoundComponent at nested or global levels.



In this lesson, we learn how to access dynamic route parameters using the `useParams` hook in TanStack Router.

When used with a specific `Route` object, `useParams` provides type-safe access to route parameters, ensuring that TypeScript knows the exact types of these parameters.

This approach eliminates the possibility of undefined/optional values, making it safer for accessing parameters like `employeeId`.

However, when using `useParams` globally without specifying a route, it requires an options object with `{ strict: false }`, which reduces type safety.

In this case, the hook can access parameters from any route in the application, but it does not guarantee their existence or type. This flexibility allows components to be reused across different routes, but it requires careful handling of potential errors.



Access Dynamic Route Parameters with useParams in Tanstack Router

Access dynamic route parameters with useParams in TanStack React Router for type-safe routing.

In this lesson, we learn how to reorganize file-based routes in TanStack Router to accommodate nested routing structures.

We explore how to create additional nested routes by converting files into directories, allowing for further nesting.

For example, to create a nested route like `/employees/$employeeId/edit`, we can create a **directory** (!) named `$employeeId` and place an `index.tsx` file inside it to define the route component for this nested route.

This approach provides flexibility in organizing files while maintaining the convention that file names and locations align with route paths. We also see how to adapt existing components and loaders to work with these reorganized routes, enabling features like edit forms or delete actions (or whatever) within nested routes.


Reorganize File-Based Routes in Tanstack Router

Reorganize file-based routes in TanStack Router for flexible nested routing.



In this lesson, we learn how to parametrize the loader for a nested route in TanStack Router.

We focus on a nested route like `/employees/$employeeId`, where the `$employeeId` is a **dynamic parameter**.

To fetch data for this route, we use a `loader` function that accesses the `$employeeId` parameter. This is achieved by using the params object available in the `loader` function, which contains the dynamic segments of the URL. We then use this parameter to call a function like `getEmployeeById`, which fetches specific employee details from an API.

We highlights that TanStack Router **automatically infers types** for these parameters, ensuring type safety for nested routes.

Parametrize Route Loader for Nested Route in Tanstack Router

Parametrize nested route loaders in TanStack Router using path parameters

In this lesson, we learn how to create nested routes and outlets in TanStack Router using file-based routing.

We start by creating a new `employees` directory and files to represent nested routes, such as `/employees/$employeeId`. The `$` symbol is used to denote dynamic parameters.

We then use the `<Link>` component from TanStack Router to create links to these nested routes, passing necessary parameters.

To render the nested content, we use the `<Outlet>` component (nested), which automatically renders child routes. This approach allows us to dynamically display stuff under a nested route.

All the time, the TanStack Router generator automatically updates the route tree based on file changes - our routing configuration remains consistent 🔥



Create Nested Route and Nested Outlets in Tanstack Router

Create nested routes and outlets in TanStack Router using file-based routing

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