Learn Immutable, Nginx and Solid

SolidStart is a JavaScript Framework designed to build full-stack SolidJS apps and enhance your developer experience.

In this course, you will learn how to:
- Set up a SolidStart project
- Toggle different rendering modes
- Leverage file system routing to turn your files into routes
- Create API routes to expose some public endpoints
- Fetch, prefetch, update and cache your data
- Turn your functions and actions into server-executing ones
- Get rid of unnecessary network waterfalls by using Single Flight Mutations.

After this course, you should be able to leverage SolidStart to build your Solid applications.

JavaScript® (often shortened to JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, object-oriented language with first-class functions, most known as the scripting language for Web pages, but used in many non-browser environments as well such as node.js or Apache CouchDB. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting language that is dynamic, and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

javascript

SolidStart is a JavaScript Framework designed to build full-stack SolidJS apps and enhance your developer experience.

In this course, you will learn how to:
- Set up a SolidStart project
- Toggle different rendering modes
- Leverage file system routing to turn your files into routes
- Create API routes to expose some public endpoints
- Fetch, prefetch, update and cache your data
- Turn your functions and actions into server-executing ones
- Get rid of unnecessary network waterfalls by using Single Flight Mutations.

Getting Started with SolidStart

Node.js is a platform built on Chrome's JavaScript runtime for easily building fast, scalable network applications. Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient, perfect for data-intensive real-time applications that run across distributed devices.

node

Ghost has two hard dependencies which need to be installed before it can run. Those are Nginx and Node.js.

We will start by installing Nginx and set Nginx up to control the traffic coming into the EC2 server. After this, we'll install NVM using the raw install script that they provide on GitHub. With NVM installed we can then install the latest version of Node.js


Install Nginx and Node.js on a AWS EC2 Server

React is one of the web’s most popular frameworks for building JavaScript applications. 

If you know what you’re doing, React can drastically simplify how you build, use, and maintain code.

Whether you’re a React newbie or you’re ready for advanced techniques, you can level-up with egghead. Explore our in-depth courses, lessons, and community resources to build more powerful applications and crack open your career.

react

Sometimes our update logic is asynchronous. In this lesson we will investigate two ways in which we can write asynchronous update logic. 

…But, we will also discuss why asynchronous producers should be avoided, and how that can be done by better separating our logic. 

This lesson also demonstrates the “createDraft” and “finishDraft” APIs

Write Asynchronous Producers in Immer and Why You Shouldn’t

In this lesson we will send patches over a WebSocket to our server, and distribute them again from there.

Create a Simple WebSocket Server to Distribute Patches from Immer

NGINX is a free, open-source, high-performance HTTP server and reverse proxy, as well as an IMAP/POP3 proxy server. 

nginx

Node.js apps built with Docker cannot scale horizontally by themselves. In this lesson we will spawn out multiple Node.js processes/containers, and move the incoming request handler to an Nginx proxy to load balance and properly scale our Node.js app.

Scale Docker Horizontally with Nginx Load Balancing

Immutable.js provides many Persistent Immutable data structures including: List, Stack, Map, OrderedMap, Set, OrderedSet and Record.

immutable

There are lots of techniques for accessing data kept in your Lists. In this lesson, we will compare how data stored in collections can be accessed directly in both standard Arrays and ImmutableJS Lists. We will also look at how to find data inside an Immutable List using the `findEntry` and `findIndex` methods.

Get items in an ImmutableJS List

In this lesson we'll look at some of the differences between standard JavaScript Arrays and Immutable Lists. We'll create Immutable.JS Lists from scratch, as well as by converting regular Arrays. We will also compare and contrast the `push` and `concat` methods between both types of collection.

Create an immutable List using Immutable.js

ImmutableJS reduce functions can be nested to get data out of complex data structures. In this example, we will create an Immutable List from an Immutable Map that is nested inside of an Immutable List that is itself nested inside of an Immutable Map.

Create a list with nested reduce functions in ImmutableJS

Learn how to setup an Nginx proxy server with Docker that sits in front of a Node.js app. You can use a proxy to control the flow of frontend requests hitting your app, as well as to achieve better performance and scalability. We'll create a sample Node.js app, configure a default Nginx configuration file for proxying web requests, build both Node.js and Nginx Docker images, and learn how to link everything up and get it running with Docker specifics.

Setup an Nginx Proxy for a Node.js App with Docker

Learn about the concepts of managing data within Docker volumes, including all of the commands to create and manage volumes. We'll demonstrate how to mount a Docker volume to one or many containers by creating and mounting a volume to an Nginx proxy, and then verify the output with curl. You'll also see how changes to files within volumes of one container propagate to other containers with the same volume mounted, and learn various commands to inspect Docker volumes.

Manage Data within Docker Volumes

The key to being productive with Immutable JS is understanding how to update values that are nested. Using `setIn` you can place a new value directly into an existing or new path. If you need access to the previous value before setting the new one, you can use `updateIn` instead. `updateIn`  accepts the same path lookups as `setIn`, but gives you a callback function instead so that you can use the previous value however you wish and return an updated version.

Updating nested values with ImmutableJS

The reduce function in ImmutableJS allows you to transform and create new data from an existing data structure. In this example, we will do some math and calculate a sum based on data in an ImmutableJS Map.

Calculate a sum using reduce in ImmutableJS

By utilizing immutable data structures, we can write code that is easier to reason about, avoid mutation-related bugs, reduce complexity, and even gain some performance benefits along the way.

Before diving too far into Facebook's [Immutable.js](https://facebook.github.io/immutable-js/) library, let's take a moment to examine some of the pains and obstacles that mutable data structures present. 

We'll take a brief glimpse at putting the Immutable "List" data structure to work by example. We will convert our usage of Javascript's native `Array` to use [Immutable.List](https://facebook.github.io/immutable-js/docs/#/List) in order to address a mutation-related "bug" caused by multiple objects "sharing" a mutable structure (array) by reference.

Immutable.js: Introduction - Easing the Pains of Mutability

Hardcoding your script to search for only one type of file (like `.md`) is a major limitation. This lesson shows you how to make your script smarter by teaching it to infer the desired file type directly from the user's natural language prompt.

You'll implement a two-stage AI process. The first stage analyzes the user's request to determine the file extension they're interested in (e.g., `md`, `txt`). The second stage then uses that file type to dynamically search the file system, find the relevant files, and execute the command.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

* Add a preliminary `generateObject` call to extract a `fileType` from the user's initial prompt.
* Define a list of supported `fileTypes` (e.g., `['md', 'txt']`) and use a detailed prompt to guide the AI, instructing it to choose from the list or use a default.
* Dynamically construct the `globby` pattern using the inferred `fileType` (e.g., `*.$[fileType]`).
* Implement error handling to inform the user if they request an unsupported file type or if no files of the specified type are found.
* Demonstrate how the script defaults to searching for Markdown files but can correctly search for other types when specified (e.g., "summarize my profile from my pdf").

This technique adds a significant layer of intelligence to your script, allowing it to adapt its behavior based on the user's intent and making it a far more flexible and intuitive command-line tool.

John Lindquist

Dynamically Inferring File Types from User Prompts in Local AI Scripts

Hardcoding command logic and prompts directly into your script makes it rigid and difficult to extend. This lesson demonstrates a more flexible and powerful pattern: defining your script's commands as individual Markdown files in a dedicated directory.

This approach allows you to easily add, remove, or modify commands without touching the core script logic. You'll learn how to dynamically load these command files, present them as options to the AI, and inject the corresponding instructions into your prompt, creating a truly modular and extensible tool.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

* Create a `commands` directory to house your command definitions (e.g., `summarize.md`, `translate.md`).
* In each file, write the specific prompt or instructions for that command.
* Use `globby` to discover all available command files at runtime.
* Create a `commandMap` that maps the filename (e.g., "summarize") to its file content.
* Update the Zod schema to use an `enum` of the dynamically discovered command names.
* Dynamically construct the final text generation prompt by injecting the instructions from the user-selected command file.
* Add a `profile.md` file to demonstrate how the script can act on user-created content with the new file-based commands.

By the end of this lesson, your script will be architected for easy expansion, allowing you to build a robust library of custom commands simply by adding new text files.

Creating Dynamic, File-Based Commands for Local AI Scripts

AI models won't always give you the answer you expect; sometimes they'll return invalid data or "hallucinate" a response that doesn't fit your schema. This lesson teaches you how to make your local AI script more robust by implementing essential error handling for user commands.

You'll learn how to validate the AI's output against a predefined list of valid commands and gracefully catch errors when the model generates an unexpected response, ensuring your script fails predictably and provides helpful feedback to the user.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

* Define a list of `validCommands` (e.g., `summarize`, `translate`, `review`) to constrain the AI's choices.
* Wrap the `generateObject` call in a `try...catch` block to handle cases where the AI's output doesn't match the Zod schema.
* Implement a type guard function (`isValidCommand`) to check if the command returned by the AI is in your list of valid commands.
* Provide clear error messages to the user, indicating what went wrong and what the valid commands are.
* Test the script with invalid commands (like "taco" or "delete") to confirm that the error handling works as expected.

By adding these checks, you make your script significantly more reliable and user-friendly, preventing it from crashing on bad input and guiding the user toward correct usage.

Handling Invalid Commands and AI Errors in Local Scripts

Once your script can understand a user's command and identify a target file, the next step is to perform an action. This lesson shows you how to use the Vercel AI SDK's `generateText` function to process a file's content and produce a relevant, AI-generated response.

You'll learn how to read the content from the file path you've already identified, combine it with the inferred command into a new, more detailed prompt, and then pass it back to your local AI model to generate a final text output, such as a summary or a review.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

* Import the `generateText` function from the `ai` SDK.
* Read the file content from the `filePath` returned by `generateObject`.
* Construct a new, structured prompt that includes the original command (e.g., "summarize") and the full content of the file.
* Pass this new prompt to the `generateText` function.
* Log the resulting AI-generated text to the console.
* Run the script with commands like "Summarize our TypeScript config" or "Review my package file" to see the full, context-aware output.

This lesson completes the core cycle of your AI script: understanding a command, reading the relevant context, and generating a useful, text-based result, all on your local machine.

Generating Text with a Local AI Model Based on File Content

A command is useless without knowing what to act upon. This lesson elevates your local AI script by giving it context from your project's file system. You'll learn how to find all relevant files and empower the AI to intelligently select the correct one based on your prompt.

The core technique involves using the `globby` package to scan for files and then feeding that list into a Zod `enum`. This constrains the AI's choices to a valid set of files, allowing it to accurately determine which file you're referring to in a natural language command.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

* Install and import the `globby` library to find files based on a pattern (e.g., all `.json` files).
* Add a `filePath` field to your Zod schema.
* Define the `filePath` as `z.enum(files)`, where `files` is the array of file paths returned by `globby`.
* Pass a natural language prompt like "Summarize our typescript config" to the script.
* Observe how the AI correctly identifies `tsconfig.json` from the list of available JSON files and returns it as structured data.

This lesson is a crucial step toward building powerful, context-aware tools that can intelligently interact with your project's files based on simple, human-readable commands.

Providing File System Context to Local AI Scripts with Globby and Zod Enums

Hardcoded prompts are great for testing, but a truly useful script needs to respond to dynamic user input. This lesson shows you how to make your local AI script interactive by capturing command-line arguments.

You'll learn how to use Node.js's built-in `parseArgs` utility to take a user's natural language command directly from the terminal and pass it to your local language model for processing.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

* Import the `parseArgs` function from the `node:util` module.
* Configure `parseArgs` to accept positional arguments from the command line.
* Replace the static, hardcoded prompt with the dynamic input provided by the user.
* Run the script with different sentences (e.g., `"Download a file"` or `"I want to download a file"`) to demonstrate that the AI can correctly infer the core command regardless of the phrasing.

By the end of this short lesson, your script will be able to accept and process commands directly from the user, making it a flexible and reusable command-line tool.

Processing Dynamic User Input in Local AI Scripts

While command-line chats with local AI models are useful, the real power comes from scripting. This lesson walks you through the initial setup for creating powerful, local AI-driven scripts by combining Ollama, the Vercel AI SDK, and Zod.

You'll learn how to take a natural language command, like "Concatenate all of the markdown files in my Downloads folder into a single file," and use the `generateObject` function to intelligently extract structured, actionable data from it.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

* Install and set up the `ollama-ai-provider`, `ai`, and `zod` packages.
* Create a local AI model instance using Ollama and the Gemma 3 model.
* Define a Zod schema to specify the exact data structure you want to extract (e.g., `{ command: string }`).
* Use `generateObject` to pass a natural language prompt to the local model and receive a structured JSON object that matches your schema.
* Run the script using `bun` to see the local model successfully infer the "concatenate" command from a full sentence.

This foundational lesson unlocks the ability to build sophisticated, automated workflows by translating human language into machine-readable commands, all running entirely on your local machine.

Scripting Local Language Models with Ollama and the Vercel AI SDK

### **Build Powerful, Local AI-Driven Command-Line Scripts**

Go beyond simple AI chats and unlock the true potential of local language models by learning to script them. This course will guide you step-by-step through the process of building a flexible and intelligent command-line tool that can understand natural language, interact with your file system, and automate complex tasks—all running entirely on your local machine.

Starting with a blank TypeScript file, you'll learn how to combine the power of **Ollama**, the **Vercel AI SDK**, and **Zod** to create a script that's not just functional, but smart. We'll begin by teaching the AI to parse a simple command from a sentence. From there, we'll progressively add layers of sophistication: processing dynamic user input, making the script aware of your project's files, and generating meaningful text-based output.

You'll also learn critical patterns for building robust and extensible tools. We'll cover how to handle invalid commands and unexpected AI responses gracefully. Then, you'll refactor the script to use a modular, file-based system for its commands, allowing you to easily add new functionality without touching the core logic. Finally, we'll add a layer of intelligence that allows your script to infer exactly what you mean, right down to the type of file you want it to process.

By the end of this course, you will have built a powerful, personalized AI assistant and gained the foundational skills to create sophisticated local automations for any task you can imagine.

**What You'll Learn:**

* How to script local language models using Ollama and the Vercel AI SDK.
* To parse and process dynamic user input from the command line.
* To use Zod schemas, including `enums`, to validate and structure AI model output.
* Techniques for providing file-system context to your scripts with `globby`.
* How to generate context-aware text based on file content.
* Robust error handling for invalid user commands and unexpected AI responses.
* To build a modular and extensible tool by defining commands in separate files.
* To intelligently infer user intent, such as dynamically determining file types from a prompt.

Build a local AI-powered command-line assistant from scratch. Learn to use Ollama, Vercel AI SDK & Zod to parse input, automate tasks, and run scripts offline.

This lesson demonstrates how to give Cursor direct access to your terminal output using the [Nx MCP extension](https://nx.dev/getting-started/ai-integration?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=videos&utm_campaign=Nx-AI&utm_id=Nx-AI), enabling automatic error detection and fixing in monorepo projects.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

- Encounter a runtime error when serving a Vite application in an Nx monorepo
- Install and configure the Nx Console extension with MCP integration
- Ask Cursor to check your terminal for errors and fix the underlying issues
- Watch as the AI accesses running task details and terminal output through Nx MCP tools
- Observe how it analyzes workspace relationships to identify incorrect imports and missing dependencies

**Key benefits:**

- Seamless Error Handling: AI gains direct access to terminal output and running task information
- Automatic Diagnosis: Accurately identify the root cause of errors without manual copying
- Context-Aware Fixes: Leverage workspace knowledge to implement proper solutions
- Reduced Context Switching: Eliminate the need to manually relay information between terminal and AI



Juri Strumpflohner

Enable Cursor to directly access the terminal to read the output and fix issues

See how Nx MCP gives AI coding assistants direct access to terminal output and running tasks, enabling automatic error detection and fixing.

This lesson demonstrates how to solve the predictability problem when using AI to generate code in monorepos by combining Cursor with Nx generators.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

- Explore how Nx generators provide predictable scaffolding for new libraries
- Set up [Nx Console with MCP](https://nx.dev/features/enhance-AI?utm_source=egghead&utm_medium=videos&utm_campaign=Nx-AI&utm_id=Nx-AI) integration to expose generator capabilities to Cursor
- Use the AI assistant to brainstorm a new feature with the help of the Nx MCP tools
- Have Cursor leverage the Nx MCP tools to trigger the appropriate Nx generator for creating a React-based feature library
- Observe how the AI assistant takes the generated library and further integrates it into the codebase

**Key benefits:**

- **Predictable Code Structure**: Ensure generated libraries follow your project's and organization's conventions
- **Consistent Setup**: Maintain uniform configuration across TypeScript projects and package.json files
- **Guided Implementation**: Combine AI instructions with structured, predictable code generation

Enable Cursor to generate predictable project setups

Learn how to combine Cursor AI with Nx generators for predictable library creation in monorepos, ensuring consistent structure across your codebase.

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