Learn Jwt, Most and Prisma

Prisma is a next-generation open-source ORM For Node.js and TypeScript that helps developers build faster and make fewer errors.

It supports the following databases: PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQL Server, SQLite, and more recently, MongoDB (Preview).

Prisma provides a complete toolkit:

- Prisma Client: Auto-generated and type-safe database client
- Prisma Migrate: Declarative data modeling and customizable migrations
- Prisma Studio: Modern UI to view and edit data


prisma


Next up is creating a Planetscale database for our application. Planetscale works a lot like GitHub in that it uses branches for development and production.

We will create a new database and then create a dev branch to separate the data we create in dev from what is in production.

When the database is created, we'll set the `DATABASE_URL` in our `.env` file for the main and dev branches.

The last thing we will need to do is push the prisma schema to planetscale so that it can create the necessary tables for our application to function. 

Explore the prisma schema and tables created to get more familiar with what the application is doing.

Set up Planetscale Main and Dev Branches and Create Tables through Prisma

Prisma is an open-source ORM. It consists of the following parts: 

- Prisma Client: Auto-generated and type-safe query builder
- Prisma Migrate: Migration system
- Prisma Studio: GUI to view and edit data in your database

Prisma Client can be used in any Node.js or TypeScript backend application (including serverless applications and microservices). This can be a REST API, a GraphQL API, a gRPC API, or anything else that needs a database.

In this course, you will learn how to initialize Prisma in a TypeScript Node project, use Prisma Client to create and find records, use Express to create data dynamically, and more! 



Build a Backend with Prisma in a TypeScript Node Project

Prisma Client allows us to limit the amount of data that is returned from queries. It also allows us to be specific about which data should be included in the returned dataset. In this lesson, we use the select and include operators to be specific about the shape of our returned data.

Limit the Amount of Returned Data with Prisma Client

Prisma Client has a specific API for relating data from one table to another when creating new records. In this lesson, we use the connect operator to establish a link between two tables as new records are created.

Use Prisma Client to Connect Related Tables when Creating New Data

When two tables are related to one another, we can use Prisma Client to query for data through those relations. In this lesson, we see how to use Prisma Client to tie together data from two separate tables and pull it out in a nested fashion.

Use Prisma Client to Query for Related Data

Prisma Schema Language is used to model our database tables and establish relations between them. Prisma offers autocompletion to register the relations. In this lesson, we create a new model for a second database table and see how to relate our two tables together.

Create a Relation Between Two Tables in the Prisma Schema

Prisma is API-agnostic meaning that it doesn't matter how we build our APIs. They can be REST APIs, GraphQL APIs, or anything else. In this lesson, we see how to use express to accept JSON data to be forwarded off to Prisma to create new records in the database.

Use Express to Create Data Dynamically

Prisma Client offers methods to create new database records. These methods accept a data object and return the result to be consumed by clients. In this lesson, we use Prisma Client's create method to create new records in the database.

Create a Database Record with Prisma Client

Prisma Client has a full API for selecting subsets of data in our tables. We can use the WHERE clause to match specific conditions for which we would like to return data. In this lesson, we look at how to use the WHERE and its operators to return a subset of data.

Use Prima Client to Select a Subset of Data

Prisma Client is a fully type-safe database access client that is automatically generated based on our Prisma Schema files. In this lesson, we use Prisma Client to access records in our database programmatically. We show how to return the data from an endpoint built with express.

Use Prisma Client to Find Many Records in a Table

Prisma Studio is a GUI for viewing and interacting with our databases. In this lesson, we view our database with Prisma Studio and use it to create our first record.

Use Prisma Studio to Create a Record

Prisma offers a powerful database modeling language called the Prisma Schema Language. It allows us to describe the shape of our tables, the columns they should have (and their types), and relations between tables. In this lesson, we get started with our first table in our Prisma Schema file.

Create a Model for a Table and Run Migrations

The Prisma CLI comes with commands to initialize Prisma in a project, run migrations, generate Prisma Client and more. In this lesson, we install the relevant dependencies and initialize Prisma in a TypeScript Node project.

Initialize Prisma in a TypeScript Node Project

Prisma offers an extension for VS Code that enables syntax highlighting, autocompletion, and more for Prisma Schema files. In this lesson, we learn how to install the Prisma VS Code extension.

Install the Prisma VS Code Extension

JavaScript® (often shortened to JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, object-oriented language with first-class functions, most known as the scripting language for Web pages, but used in many non-browser environments as well such as node.js or Apache CouchDB. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting language that is dynamic, and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

javascript

Do you want to allow users of your app to create an account and sign in with their Google profile? If so, this 10-minute video will show you how to set up within your Auth0 tenant! 

The Google social connection allows users to log in to your application using their Google profile. By simply adding the connection within your Auth0 dashboard, enabling it for your application, and creating a project within your Google developer console, you can be up and running within no time!

How To Add Google Authentication with Auth0

JSON Web Tokens are an open, industry standard RFC 7519 method for representing claims securely between two parties.

Now that we have both the user and the token we can encode a JWT. This is made easy by the `jsonwebtoken` library that we will be using. 

To create a function that encodes a jwt, the function will need the user and token. Inside the function, definition create a `jwtPayload` object that just contains the essential data for encoding. Then, pass the payload to the `jsonwebtoken` library `sign` method and return the signed token.

Finally we store the jwt in the user's localStorage.

Encode User Data with JSON Web Token (JWT)

Now that we have our encoded JWT we need to be able to decode it!

The `jsonwebtoken` library makes this very easy. All we have to do is pass the `jwt` and our `token` to a decoder function. In that function definition we pass the arguments into the `verify` method and return the result.

Identify Users with JWT

We are going to use our JWT to make a protected request. 

All we have to do is create a button with a click event that calls our `fetchRepos` function. In the fetchRepos function make a fetch request to the `/repos` endpoint. In the fetch, pass an Authorization header with your JWT as a Bearer token. Then just await the response!

Use JWT to Make a Protected Request

We are going to simulate user verification when making a protected request. To simulate the database we are just going to use a simple array.

We verify the user by grabbing the JWT off of the authorization header in the request. We then look for a user in the database with a matching JWT. If the verification is successful we can give the user the data they requested.

Handle a Protected Request with JWT

 Every developer who has attempted to demystify OAuth 2.0 must be presented with mind-bugging complicated flow diagrams. It becomes worse when you try to understand all the terminologies of OAuth 2.0 and Open ID protocols.

There is no getting around the OAuth 2.0 flow being complicated with back and forth between your browser, the service you are authenticating with, and the application you want to access. 

This course gets straight to the point without any application code distracting you from the core takeaway -- You will learn how to authenticate and authorize yourself using GitHub as your Auth Server.

We'll first cover the OAuth 2.0 flow for authentication and then integrate the Open ID protocol for authorization.

[**LIVE EVENT**: Register here for a live webinar with Christian on OAuth.](https://egghead.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_Sxy1FEcoTea8UA6F7EDzLw) Bring any questions you have from taking this course!

Add Github Login to Your Web App with OAuth 2.0

Universal Login is Auth0's implementation of the login flow, which is the key feature of an Authorization Server. Each time a user needs to prove their identity, your applications redirect to Universal Login and Auth0 will do what is needed to guarantee the user's identity.

This video will walk you through how to customize and brand the Universal Login experience. This includes setting a custom domain, styling the user emails, and add your company logo to the form. 

Customize the Auth0 Universal Login

Cursor's `Cmd+K` is fantastic for targeted code edits, but sometimes you need the AI to operate beyond the confines of your current selection—like extracting a piece of logic into a brand-new, top-level function. Standard `Cmd+K` often falls short, keeping changes localized. This lesson reveals how to overcome this limitation using Cursor's "Edit Full File" mode, turning complex refactoring of legacy code into a streamlined process.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

*   Contrast the behavior of standard `Cmd+K` (Edit Selection) with the "Edit Full File" mode.
*   Use `Cmd+K`, then `Cmd+Shift+Enter` (or the dropdown) to invoke "Edit Full File" mode for broader AI refactoring.
*   Instruct the AI to extract selected code into new functions at the top level of the module.
*   Demonstrate breaking down a large, monolithic function into multiple smaller, exported, and testable functions.
*   Utilize the "Fix in Chat" feature (`Cmd+Shift+D`) to send error messages and surrounding code directly to an AI agent for quick resolution.

**Key benefits:**

*   **True Top-Level Extraction:** Move code out of its current scope and into new, independent functions anywhere in the file.
*   **Simplified Legacy Code Refactoring:** Easily break apart large, untestable functions into manageable, testable units.
*   **Improved Code Structure:** Quickly organize and modularize your codebase with AI assistance.
*   **Contextual Error Fixing:** Send errors and relevant code snippets to an AI agent via "Fix in Chat" for efficient debugging.

This lesson shows a powerful technique for serious refactoring in Cursor, especially when dealing with large or legacy codebases, making your functions more modular, testable, and maintainable.

John Lindquist

Clean up Legacy Functions for Testability in Cursor (0.50+) with cmd+k

Want Cursor's AI Agent to intelligently run your custom CLI tools without complex MCP setups or constant hand-holding? If only the AI could understand your tool's `--help` output, life would be much simpler. This lesson demonstrates exactly that, leveraging Cursor's "Rules" feature with the "Agent Requested" type. You'll learn to feed your CLI's help text directly into a rule, effectively teaching the AI to operate your custom commands through natural language.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

*   Execute your custom CLI tool's `--help` command (e.g., `ghx --help`) and pipe its output to your clipboard (e.g., `| pbcopy`).
*   Create a "New Cursor Rule" (Cmd/Ctrl + Shift + P, then "New Cursor Rule").
*   Paste the copied help text into the main content area of the rule.
*   Set the "Rule Type" to "Agent Requested".
*   Provide a clear, concise "Description" (e.g., "Search GitHub") that will act as the trigger phrase for the AI.
*   In an Agent chat, prompt the AI using natural language that corresponds to your rule's description (e.g., "Search GitHub for examples of package.jsons using semantic-release").
*   Observe as the Agent uses the rule's help text to correctly formulate and run your custom CLI command.
*   Leverage the tool's output by further instructing the AI to generate or modify project files (e.g., create a `package.json`, `.releaserc.json`, or `biome.json` based on findings).

**Key benefits:**

*   Empowers Cursor's AI Agent to directly use your existing custom CLI tools without needing to modify the tools themselves.
*   Simple and intuitive setup: Uses your tool's own documentation (`--help` output) as the "API" for the AI.
*   Efficient context usage: The detailed help text for your tool is only loaded into the AI's context when your specific trigger phrase is detected.
*   Provides a straightforward and powerful alternative to MCPs for many CLI tool integration scenarios, especially when tools already have good help messages.
*   Enables complex, natural language-driven automation by combining custom tool execution with the AI's code generation and modification capabilities.

By using "Agent Requested" rules, you gain maximum control over how and when the AI interacts with your custom tools, making the Agent a more versatile and powerful assistant tailored to your specific command-line utilities.

**Resources**

[https://www.npmjs.com/package/@johnlindquist/ghx](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@johnlindquist/ghx)



When to Use Cursor Rules Instead of MCPs

Planning complex application logic or workflows before coding can be challenging. This lesson demonstrates how to leverage Cursor's AI (Chat and Agent modes) to visually brainstorm and iterate on features by generating Mermaid diagrams directly within Markdown files. You'll learn how to use prompts to create flowcharts, sequence diagrams, explore edge cases, and improve the viewing experience for detailed diagrams.

**Workflow/Benefits Demonstrated in this lesson:**

*   Use Cursor AI (Chat/Agent) to generate Mermaid diagrams from natural language prompts.
*   Employ Markdown preview, popping it into a separate window for better viewing and zooming independent of the editor font size.
*   Iteratively refine diagrams by asking the AI to add features or create new diagram types (e.g., sequence diagrams).
*   Generate diagrams to visualize complex scenarios like optimistic updates and edge cases (conflict resolution, offline sync).
*   Create persistent visual artifacts (diagrams in Markdown) for planning, documentation, and guiding further AI development tasks.


## Mermaid Cursor Rules
````markdown
---
description: Whenever diagrams or mermaid is mentioned.
globs: 
alwaysApply: false
---
Here are the essential rules for creating Mermaid diagrams that render well in GitHub Markdown:

1.  **Use the Correct Fenced Code Block:**
    *   Always start the block with ```mermaid and end it with ```.
    *   ```markdown
        ```mermaid
          graph TD
            A[Start] --> B{Decision};
            B -- Yes --> C[Action 1];
            B -- No --> D[Action 2];
        ```
        ```

2.  **Stick to Well-Supported Diagram Types:**
    *   GitHub generally has good support for the most common types:
        *   `graph` (Flowcharts - `TD` is often best for readability)
        *   `sequenceDiagram`
        *   `classDiagram`
        *   `stateDiagram-v2` (Prefer v2 for better features/rendering)
        *   `erDiagram` (Entity Relationship)
        *   `pie` (Pie charts)
        *   `gantt` (Gantt charts)
        *   `mindmap` (Mind Maps - Basic structure only. *See syntax notes below*)
    *   Avoid extremely new or less common diagram types, as GitHub's Mermaid version might lag slightly behind the latest release.

3.  **Keep Syntax Simple and Standard:**
    *   **Node IDs:** Use simple alphanumeric IDs (e.g., `node1`, `processA`, `userAuth`). Avoid spaces or special characters in IDs.
    *   **Node/Actor/State Labels:** **Use quotes (`"..."`)** for labels, especially if they contain spaces, punctuation, special characters, or Mermaid keywords. This is the most common source of rendering errors.
        *   *Good:* `A["User Input"] --> B["Validate Data"];`
        *   *Bad (potential error):* `A[User Input] --> B[Validate Data];`
    *   **Arrows:** Use standard arrow types (`-->`, `---`, `==>`, `->>`, etc.).
    *   **Comments:** Use `%%` for comments if needed.

4.  **Mindmap Specifics for GitHub:**
    *   GitHub **supports the basic `mindmap` structure**, using indentation to define hierarchy (parent/child relationships).
    *   Ensure each node/item is on its **own line** with correct indentation relative to its parent.
    *   GitHub **DOES NOT support** experimental or advanced `mindmap` features like `::icon()` syntax. Using icons **will cause rendering errors**.
    *   Stick to plain text nodes for mind maps intended for GitHub Markdown.
    *   *Correct Example (GitHub compatible):*
        ```mermaid
        mindmap
          Root
            Parent
              Child 1
              Child 2
        ```
    *   *Incorrect Example (GitHub incompatible due to icons):*
        ```mermaid
        mindmap
          Root
            Parent
              ::icon(fa fa-one) Child 1
              ::icon(fa fa-two) Child 2
        ```

5.  **Prefer Vertical Layouts (`graph TD`):**
    *   For flowcharts (`graph`), `TD` (Top Down) or `TB` (Top Bottom) usually renders more readably within the flow of a Markdown document than `LR` (Left Right). GitHub often gives diagrams ample width, but vertical flows are easier to follow on typical screens.

6.  **Let GitHub Handle the Styling:**
    *   **DO NOT** try to set themes (e.g., `%%{init: {'theme': 'dark'}}%%`) or apply custom styling using `classDef` or `style` *within the Mermaid code*.
    *   GitHub **ignores** these theme directives and applies its own styling based on whether the user is viewing GitHub in light, dark, or dimmed mode. Your diagram will automatically adapt. Trying to force colors or themes will likely just be ignored or look out of place.

7.  **Keep Diagrams Focused:**
    *   Avoid overly complex diagrams with excessive nodes, edges, or nesting in a single block. While GitHub *can* render complex ones, they might become hard to read or hit rendering limits. Break down very complex ideas into multiple simpler diagrams if possible.

8.  **Test in GitHub Preview:**
    *   Always use GitHub's preview tab when editing your Markdown file to see exactly how the diagram will render. This is the best way to catch syntax errors or unexpected layout issues.

9.  **Tooling & Edit Verification Note:**
    *   Automated code editing tools may sometimes struggle to apply changes correctly within Mermaid blocks, especially with complex syntax involving indentation or specific formatting (like the mindmap example above).
    *   **Always carefully review edits** made to Mermaid blocks by automated tools. If errors persist or the diagram doesn't render as expected, manual correction might be necessary.

**In short:** Write standard, clearly quoted Mermaid syntax using common diagram types. For mindmaps in GitHub, use only the basic indentation structure (no icons). Prefer `graph TD`. Avoid trying to control the theme/colors yourself. Use the GitHub preview, and double-check automated edits to Mermaid blocks.
````

Brainstorm and Planning with Mermaid Diagrams in Cursor

Manually staging files, writing commit messages, committing, and syncing to Git involves multiple repetitive steps. This lesson demonstrates how to significantly streamline this common Git workflow in Cursor (or VS Code) by creating a single, powerful keyboard shortcut using `keybindings.json` and the `runCommands` feature.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

*   Open `keybindings.json` to customize keyboard shortcuts.
*   Unbind default shortcuts (like `Shift+Cmd+S`) that you might not use.
*   Utilize the `runCommands` command to create a sequence of actions.
*   Chain together `git.stageAll`, `cursor.generateGitCommitMessage`, `git.commitAll`, and `git.sync` commands.
*   Bind this entire sequence to a single custom keyboard shortcut.
*   Execute the full stage -> AI commit message -> commit -> sync workflow with one keystroke.

**Key benefits:**

*   Combines multiple Git actions into one efficient step.
*   Automates staging, committing, and syncing changes.
*   Leverages Cursor's AI to generate commit messages automatically.
*   Frees up valuable keyboard shortcuts for powerful custom workflows.
*   Significantly speeds up your development cycle by reducing manual Git operations.

```json
  {
    "key": "shift+cmd+s",
    "command": "runCommands",
    "args": {
      "commands": [
        {
          "command": "git.stageAll"
        },
        {
          "command": "cursor.generateGitCommitMessage"
        },
        {
          "command": "git.commitAll"
        },
        {
          "command": "git.sync"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "key": "shift+cmd+s",
    "command": "-workbench.action.files.saveAs"
  },
  {
    "key": "shift+cmd+s",
    "command": "-workbench.action.files.saveLocalFile",
    "when": "remoteFileDialogVisible"
  }
```

Create Complex Cursor Shortcuts to Run Commands and Generate AI Commits

In development we often want to test out features we are building but can only do so with deployed or staging applications or setting up Ngrok or Cloudflare Tunnels. 

UntunJS allows us to get the benefits of Cloudflare tunnels without having to go into the Cloudflare dashboard and set it up.

In this quick lesson we utilize UntunJS to run our local Nextjs application in a Cloudflare Tunnel

Ben Patton

Run local Nextjs App in a Cloudflare Tunnel with UntunJS

UntunJS is a great package to get the quickest start with Cloudflare tunnels and development and testing

Hey Everyone 👋,

John Lindquist here with the third issue of AI Dev Essentials! Another week, another whirlwind of updates in the AI development space. We saw Google drop Gemini 2.5 Flash, OpenAI counter with o3/o4-mini and a new Codex CLI, Anthropic beef up Claude with research tools, and continued evolution in the MCP and agent framework landscape. Personally, I've been digging into Gemini 2.5 Flash – it's impressive to see Google pushing the performance frontier for smaller models and comparing it directly against the competition like O4-mini. Let's dive in!

___

### New egghead.io Lesson This Week:

* **[Generate and Debug MCP Servers from Scratch using GitHub Examples and AI](https://egghead.io/generate-and-debug-mcp-servers-from-scratch~k98ad):** Building complex components like Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers from scratch can be challenging, especially without good reference implementations. This lesson demonstrates a powerful workflow combining the `ghx` CLI tool (a wrapper I built for the GitHub CLI - find it [here](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@johnlindquist/ghx)) with AI assistants (like Google's AI Studio and Cursor's agent) to overcome this hurdle. Learn how to scrape real-world examples from GitHub using `ghx` ([see scraped examples here](https://gist.github.com/johnlindquist/b19673bbf6a396406dff869beecace1d)), feed them to an AI to generate a new server, and then integrate and debug it within Cursor. It's a practical look at bootstrapping complex tools using AI and targeted code searching.

___

Here are the highlights that caught my eye this past week:

## Model & Major Platform Updates

* **Gemini 2.5 Flash Arrives:** Google released Gemini 2.5 Flash ([Google Developers Blog](https://developers.googleblog.com/en/start-building-with-gemini-25-flash/)), their first unified reasoning model with thinking budgets. It's positioned as a high-performance, cost-effective option. Notably, Google's benchmarks included comparisons against OpenAI's very recent O4-mini, drawing praise for transparency ([Nathan Lambert](https://x.com/natolambert/status/1912958672881303943)). It's available via the Gemini API, AI Studio, Vertex, and the Gemini app. The [Live API docs](https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/live) are also updated.
* **OpenAI Counters with o3/o4-mini & Codex CLI:** OpenAI launched [o3 and o4-mini](https://openai.com/index/introducing-o3-and-o4-mini/), highlighting their agentic capabilities and tool use during Chain-of-Thought. Alongside these, they released the open-source [Codex CLI](https://github.com/openai/codex), a coding agent designed to leverage these new models. Interestingly, the OpenAI dev behind Codex CLI was spotted [using Cursor](https://x.com/chuhang1122/status/1912786904812294312).
* **Claude Gets Research Superpowers:** Anthropic rolled out a major [Claude upgrade](https://x.com/jowettbrendan/status/1912446262756151732) introducing a "Research" agent capability. It can search the web and internal docs, chain queries, and explore topics agentically, building citations along the way. They also added Google Workspace integration (Gmail, Calendar, Docs) for paid users. (Official blog post link pending confirmation).
* **Cursor 0.49 Update:** The latest Cursor update ([Changelog 0.49](https://www.cursor.com/changelog/0-49)) brings several enhancements: improved Cursor Rules generation and attachment, better chat history access, built-in diff reviews, image support in MCP context, agent command editing/skipping, global ignore files, added models (Gemini 2.5 Pro, Grok 3, GPT-4.1), and project structure context for the agent. [AGIdevice](https://x.com/agidevice/status/1913575514670776520) shows how to enable the beta features.

## Tooling & Protocol Developments

* **MCP Nuances:** David Cramer cautioned against simply [proxying OpenAPI specs via MCP](https://x.com/zeeg/status/1913289979368796671), arguing it misuses the protocol and ignores LLM limitations in tool selection and JSON handling.
* **MCP Transport Clarification:** Harald Kirschner clarified the newer "Streamable HTTP" transport ([MCP Spec](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-03-26/basic/transports)), noting it's primarily HTTP-based, with Server-Sent Events (SSE) as an optional upgrade for streaming server messages, deprecating the older standalone SSE transport. Discussions on implementation and future streaming enhancements are ongoing ([TS SDK Issue #220](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/typescript-sdk/issues/220), [MCP Roadmap](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/development/roadmap)).
* **Agent2Agent (A2A) Protocol Announced:** Google unveiled the Agent2Agent (A2A) protocol ([Google Developers Blog](https://developers.googleblog.com/en/a2a-a-new-era-of-agent-interoperability/)), an open standard aiming to allow AI agents from different frameworks and vendors to communicate and collaborate. This is a significant step towards agent interoperability. Akshay Pachaar also provided a clear explanation contrasting [MCP vs. A2A](https://x.com/akshay_pachaar/status/1912123161883345321). ([GitHub Repo](https://github.com/google/A2A))
* **New MCP Tools:** Ishan Goswami released an open-source [Twitter MCP Tool using Exa](https://x.com/TheIshanGoswami/status/1914226695118168331) (GitHub: [exa-labs/exa-mcp-server](https://github.com/exa-labs/exa-mcp-server)) for searching tweets/profiles without the official API. Eyal Toledano shipped [TaskmasterAI v0.12](https://x.com/EyalToledano/status/1914084622918455572) with multi-PRD parsing, smarter breakdowns, and easier MCP setup, alongside a new [website](http://task-master.dev).
* **Cursor Workflows & Tips:** Ryo Lu shared [12 tips for using Cursor effectively](https://x.com/ryolu_/status/1914384195138511142), emphasizing clear rules, specific prompts, and iterative testing. Prajwal Tomar detailed his ["Context Boundary Method"](https://x.com/PrajwalTomar_/status/1913961327711633601) using structured docs (PRD, Flow, Tech Stack etc.) to guide AI coding tools like Cursor and reduce errors. Andrew Jefferson noted potential issues with [Markdown tab completion](https://x.com/EastlondonDev/status/1913967886521053688) in Cursor.
* **AI UI Builders Compared:** Damien shared a comparison of [Replit, Bolt.new, Lovable.dev, and v0](https://x.com/damienghader/status/1913248328302608482) for generating a multi-step onboarding flow from the same prompt.

## Building AI Agents: Frameworks & Best Practices

* **Agent Framework Discussion:** Harrison Chase (LangChain) published a deep dive on [how to think about agent frameworks](https://blog.langchain.dev/how-to-think-about-agent-frameworks/), sparking discussion comparing approaches (agents vs. workflows, declarative vs. non-declarative) and frameworks like LangGraph, OpenAI's Agents SDK, CrewAI, and AutoGen. Key themes include balancing flexibility vs. predictability and choosing the right abstraction level. OpenAI also released its own [practical guide to building agents](https://cdn.openai.com/business-guides-and-resources/a-practical-guide-to-building-agents.pdf).
* **Production Agent Principles:** Dex Horthy shared principles for production-grade LLM apps in ["12-factor-Agents"](https://github.com/humanlayer/12-factor-agents), arguing successful systems often use focused LLM loops within well-engineered software rather than fully autonomous, monolithic agents. This resonated with many builders facing reliability challenges.
* **Agent Memory:** Taranjeet from [mem0.ai](https://x.com/taranjeetio/status/1912185506559053855) emphasized the importance of persistent memory (beyond session history) for truly intelligent agents that learn and adapt over time ([Blog Post](https://mem0.ai/blog/memory-in-agents-what-why-and-how/)).
* **Key Best Practices:** Common advice emerging from various discussions includes: start simple (maybe not even an agent), use structured outputs (like JSON schemas) to reduce hallucinations, prefer multiple specialized agents over one complex agent, own your control flow rather than relying solely on the framework, and carefully manage context windows. ([Anthropic Guide](https://www.anthropic.com/research/building-effective-agents), [Dev.to Summary](https://dev.to/isaachagoel/read-this-before-building-ai-agents-lessons-from-the-trenches-333i)).

___

**✨ Workshop Spotlight: Conquer the Complexity of Cursor ✨**

Master practical AI development workflows in Cursor. This hands-on workshop covers Agents, Ask, Custom Modes, multi-file analysis, effective prompting, Cursor rules, and strategies for handling AI failures.

* **When:** **This Thursday!** April 24, 2025, **9:00 AM - 2:00 PM (PDT)**
* **Where:** Zoom (Live Q&A included)
* **Investment:** $249

Unlock Cursor's potential and streamline your development process.

➡️ [**Read More about the Workshop**](https://egghead.io/workshop/cursor) ➡️ [**Register Now ($249)**](https://buy.stripe.com/9AQaG5ftF5P22eAfZ3)

_(Team training also available)_

___

## Notable Prompts

* **o3 Fact-Checking:** A prompt structure for using o3 to thoroughly fact-check an entire article by parsing individual facts. (See [Matt Shumer's Tweet](https://x.com/mattshumer_/status/1914412812891570199) for the prompt start).
* **Multiple Experts Method:** A system prompt that instructs the AI to analyze problems from multiple expert perspectives (e.g., Systems Thinker, Risk Assessor) and synthesize their insights. (See [God of Prompt's Tweet](https://x.com/godofprompt/status/1914370848032497906) for the full prompt and example).
* **Personality-Infused Prompt:** A detailed persona prompt instructing the AI to adopt a specific, informal, and slightly critical tone using modern slang and abbreviations. (See [Kitze's Tweet](https://x.com/thekitze/status/1913719205007937825) for the full prompt, originally from [@threepointone](https://x.com/threepointone)).

## Community Buzz & Resources

* **New Community Site:** [AGIdevice](https://x.com/agidevice/status/1913666033870647325) is building [cursorcommunity.com](http://cursorcommunity.com) in public.
* **Industry Chatter:** Deirdre Bosa discussed the potential [OpenAI bid for Windsurf](https://x.com/dee_bosa/status/1912906057791447294) and the shift towards the app layer. AI Native Dev reported on perceived [friction between Microsoft and Cursor](https://x.com/ainativedev/status/1912869556973949430) ([Article](http://ainativedev.co/spx)).
* **Android XR Demo:** Google showed off prototype smart glasses with Android XR ([Demo Video via 9to5Google](https://9to5google.com/2025/04/17/google-android-xr-smart-glasses-live-demo/)).
* **New Open Dialogue Model:** A new small open model, [Dia-1.6B](https://x.com/altryne/status/1914421817139454341), was released. It's focused on dialogue disentanglement – figuring out who's talking to whom in complex conversations. ([GitHub](https://github.com/nari-labs/dia), [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/nari-labs/Dia-1.6B)). I was extremely impressed with the demos – definitely worth checking out.
* **Video Generation with Veo 2:** Google's Veo 2 video generation model is now available in Gemini Advanced and Google AI Studio ([Google Blog](https://blog.google/products/gemini/video-generation/), [Developers Blog](https://developers.googleblog.com/en/veo-2-video-generation-now-generally-available/)). I've tried out a few videos and was really impressed with the quality. Pro tip: In AI Studio, you can use an image as a reference when generating video ([API Docs](https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/video#generate_from_images)), though surprisingly, Gemini doesn't support that yet. It's heavily rate-limited at the moment, but still fun to play with for generating short 8-second clips.

___

That’s the scoop for this issue! The pace isn't slowing down, particularly around agent capabilities, specialized models, and the tooling ecosystem supporting them.

If you have any feedback or questions, hit reply! Always happy to chat about the latest in AI dev tools.

John Lindquist


AI Dev Essentials #3: Gemini Flash, o4-mini, Codex CLI, A2A Protocol & Agent Updates

AI Dev Essentials covers Gemini 2.5, O4-mini, Claude’s research tools, Codex CLI, and new workflows for building AI agents with MCP and Cursor.

Establish an automated, AI-driven workflow for implementing UI designs by comparing live development versions against target screenshots. This lesson integrates the Playwright MCP server for browser automation, a custom script using Pixelmatch for visual diffing, and Cursor Rules for persistent context. See how to instruct the Cursor Agent to iteratively implement design changes based on visual diff feedback, creating a robust loop where the AI refines the UI towards the target design.

**Workflow demonstrated in this lesson:**

*   Configure the Playwright MCP server within Cursor for browser control.
*   Use the Agent and Playwright MCP tools (`browser_navigate`, `browser_resize`, `browser_take_screenshot`) to capture baseline and current state PNG screenshots.
*   Install `pixelmatch` and `pngjs` dependencies.
*   Guide the Agent to create and run a TypeScript script (`compare-images.ts`) to generate visual diff images between screenshots.
*   Establish Cursor Rules (`visual-testing.mdc`, `project-setup.mdc`, etc.) to provide the Agent with necessary context about directories, scripts, dependencies, and the overall workflow.
*   Initiate an AI-driven design implementation loop:
    *   Agent captures the current state via Playwright.
    *   Agent runs the comparison script to get a visual diff.
    *   Agent analyzes the diff and implements code changes in the project (e.g., `app/page.tsx`, components, `globals.css`).
    *   Repeat the capture-compare-implement cycle, using the latest diff as feedback.
*   Use context files and prompts like "Please continue" to manage the multi-step process and guide the AI through potential interruptions.

**Key benefits:**

*   Creates an iterative, AI-driven workflow for implementing designs based on visual comparisons.
*   Combines browser automation (Playwright) and pixel-level diffing (Pixelmatch) within the Cursor environment.
*   Utilizes Cursor Rules to effectively manage context and guide the AI through complex, multi-step tasks.
*   Demonstrates how visual diffs can serve as direct feedback for AI-driven UI code generation and refinement.

AI-Driven Design Workflow: Playwright MCP Screenshots, Visual Diffs, and Cursor Rules

[Scraped MCP Examples](https://gist.github.com/johnlindquist/b19673bbf6a396406dff869beecace1d)
[ghx tool](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@johnlindquist/ghx)

Building complex components like Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers from scratch can be challenging, especially without good reference implementations. This lesson demonstrates a powerful workflow combining the `ghx` CLI tool with AI assistants (like Google's AI Studio and Cursor's agent) to overcome this hurdle.

You'll learn how to:

1.  **Use `ghx`:** Leverage the `ghx` command-line tool (which wraps the GitHub CLI) to search GitHub for real-world code examples based on specific import paths (e.g., `modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/mcp.js`).
2.  **Refine Search Results:** Use `ghx` options (`--help`, `--limit`, `--max-filename`, `NOT demo`) within Cursor's chat to filter results, exclude simple demos, and gather a rich set of relevant MCP server implementations.
3.  **Provide AI Context:** Copy the aggregated code examples found by `ghx` into an AI environment like Google AI Studio (or ChatGPT).
4.  **Handle Context Limits:** See techniques for trimming large context files (like using Cursor's `Cmd+K` inline edit with `head -n` commands) to fit within model limits while retaining valuable examples.
5.  **Generate Code:** Prompt the AI (Gemini 2.5 Pro in AI Studio or ChatGPT O3) to generate a *new* MCP server (e.g., with five distinct tools) based *solely* on the provided real-world examples.
6.  **Integrate and Debug:** Set up the generated TypeScript code (`mcp_server.ts`) locally in Cursor, install dependencies (`pnpm install`), and use Cursor's agent (`Cmd+I`) or inline fixes (`Cmd+K`) to resolve TypeScript errors and path issues.
7.  **Configure in Cursor:** Add the newly created MCP server (running via `bun mcp_server.ts`) to Cursor's MCP settings, using the absolute path and the `bun` command.
8.  **Test the MCP Server:** Interact with Cursor's chat agent to call the custom tools (e.g., `add_note`, `list_notes`, `write_managed_file`) defined in the AI-generated MCP server, verifying its functionality.

This lesson showcases how combining targeted code searching (`ghx`) with the generative power of AI, fueled by relevant examples, can dramatically accelerate the process of building and bootstrapping complex tools and applications.

Generate and Debug MCP Servers from Scratch

Hey Everyone 👋,

John Lindquist here with the second issue of AI Dev Essentials! It's been another busy week in the AI tooling world. The biggest splash was probably GPT-4.1 hitting the streets, but there's plenty more action around MCP, Vercel's v0, Google's developer tools, and interesting community discussions. I've spent some time with GPT-4.1 already (specifically in Cursor), and while it shows promise, it didn't quite convince me to switch from Gemini 2.5 Pro yet. It stumbled on a few basic requests where Gemini usually shines on the first attempt.

---

### New egghead.io Lesson This Week:

* **[Create a Custom MCP that Calls Cursor Tools](https://egghead.io/create-a-custom-mcp-that-calls-cursor-tools~r77sw):** Learn how to build custom MCP server tools that allow Cursor's AI Agent to access your local project context. This lesson shows how to use Zod schemas and the crucial `.describe()` method to explicitly request information (like Git status or version) from the Cursor environment *before* your tool runs, enabling powerful, context-aware automation.

---

Here are the highlights that caught my eye this past week.

## Model Mania: GPT-4.1 Arrives, Plus Grok & Llama Updates

* **GPT-4.1 Lands:** OpenAI announced GPT-4.1, and it quickly became available via the [API](https://openai.com/live/) and showed up in [Cursor](https://x.com/cursor_ai/status/1911835651810738406). Cursor is offering it free for now to let users get a feel for it, though they don't recommend it as a default just yet. Curious to hear initial impressions from folks testing it out for coding tasks.

* **Grok 3 in Cursor:** Following other model additions, [Cursor also enabled Grok 3 models](https://x.com/amanrsanger/status/1910434915419906141), with the mini version available for free users. Aman Sanger noted it seems to "think upfront more than other models."

* **Community Hack: Llama 4.0 via Groq in Cursor:** Levi Dan shared a [detailed (and slightly hacky) guide](https://x.com/lxvi_brg/status/1908865544721154455) on how to wire up Groq's fast Llama 4.0 API into Cursor by using the OpenAI API key slot and intercepting requests. A clever workaround for the adventurous!

## Tooling & Platform Pulse

Lots of movement across different platforms and tools this week:

* **Vercel Ecosystem:**

  * Guillermo Rauch teased [v0 coming to VS Code](https://x.com/rauchg/status/1911524154458984515), hinting at tighter integration for the UI generation tool.

  * v0 also [added AI integrations](https://x.com/v0/status/1911912183149256943) with models from xai (Grok), FAL, Groq, and DeepInfra, including automatic API key setup and pay-as-you-go billing via Vercel Marketplace. They're offering a $10 credit for the Grok free tier.

  * Vercel shared insights on the [grep.app migration from CRA to Next.js](http://grep.app/), showcasing performance improvements. ([Source](https://x.com/rauchg/status/1911920410020757881)) I'm personally excited about this one – I rely heavily on examples when working with AI, and for me, a good example is often worth ten prompts. Tools like `grep.app` that make code discovery easier are invaluable.

* **Google's Growing Stack:**

  * Project IDX has officially become [Firebase Studio](https://x.com/_davideast/status/1909990728593453455), positioning itself as a cloud-based, agentic dev environment for full-stack AI apps, deeply integrated with Firebase. I've tried spinning up a few sites with it, and the speed is impressive. However, for more complex tasks like designing from images or intricate interactions, I still find myself leaning towards v0 for now.

  * Google quietly released the [Agent Development Kit (ADK)](https://x.com/omarsar0/status/1910004370864742757), a Python library (`pip install google-adk`) for building multi-agent systems with features like state management, tool usage, and orchestration. I haven't had a chance to dive into this yet, but it's right at the top of my list. Building robust agent systems is a huge area of interest, so this is probably the announcement I'm most excited about exploring this week.

  * Ramón Medrano Llamas shared his experience [moving back to VS Code from Cursor](https://x.com/rmedranollamas/status/1909516749612999149), highlighting the effectiveness of GitHub Copilot combined with the Gemini Code Assist extension (using Gemini 2.5 Pro in Agent Mode). I gave the Gemini Code Assist extension a try myself, but as someone deeply embedded in the Cursor workflow with established keyboard shortcuts and patterns, I struggled to find a flow I liked and didn't stick with it for long. It's interesting to see different perspectives, though!

  * AI features are rolling out more broadly in [Chrome](https://x.com/iam_chonchol/status/1909942954686636224), including text grabbing from YouTube videos and Google Lens integration.

* **Cloudflare Corner:**

  * Big news for edge compute: [Cloudflare Containers are coming to Open Beta in June](https://x.com/CherryJimbo/status/1910682562499850405), enabling running containerized apps (Next.js, Go, PHP confirmed) directly on the edge. This is huge news, in my opinion. Think about all the WordPress sites and other applications that rely on containerization. Opening this up on the edge unlocks incredible possibilities, including for AI applications. I'm super hyped to see what people build with this come June.

  * A new tool, [MCPify.ai](http://mcpify.ai/), launched for building MCP servers conversationally, built entirely on Cloudflare Workers and Durable Objects. ([Source](https://x.com/pbteja1998/status/1911723180445610149))

  * Securing MCP servers is getting easier, with examples shared using [WorkOS AuthKit](https://x.com/WorkOS/status/1910722639036874943) and [Auth0](https://x.com/dschenkelman/status/1910693265566728319).

* **IDE Updates:**

  * JetBrains shared the public [WebStorm roadmap for March-April](https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/WEB-72310). ([Source](https://x.com/WebStormIDE/status/1909291367504748937))

> **✨ Workshop Spotlight: Conquer the Complexity of Cursor (Europe Friendly Time!) ✨**
>
> Missed the last workshop or found the timing tricky? This one's for you! Master practical AI development workflows in Cursor in a session scheduled for **12:00 PM UTC** to better accommodate European attendees.
>
> This hands-on workshop covers Agents, Ask, Custom Modes, multi-file analysis, effective prompting, Cursor rules, and strategies for handling AI failures. Unlock Cursor's potential and streamline your development process.
>
> * **When:** \[Check website for upcoming dates - This session is Europe-friendly at 12:00 PM UTC\]
>
> * **Where:** Zoom (Live Q&A included)
>
> * **Investment:** $149
>
> ➡️ [**Read More about the Workshop**](https://egghead.io/workshop/cursor)
> ➡️ [**Register Now ($149)**](https://buy.stripe.com/7sI7tT81dfpC06s28c)
>
> *(Team training also available)*

## Community Buzz & Resources

* **MCP Explained:** Kent C. Dodds wrote a piece explaining [why he's excited about Model Context Protocol (MCP)](https://www.epicai.pro/the-game-changing-potential-of-model-context-protocol) and its potential. ([Source](https://x.com/kentcdodds/status/1911840456432034112))

* **Prompting Guide:** Ian Nuttall surfaced [v7 of Google's Prompt Engineering Guide](https://x.com/iannuttall/status/1911086164196606314), a deep dive into techniques and best practices. Definitely worth a look.

* **Discussion Starter:** Eric Zakariasson asked the community about their [favorite CLIs and MCP servers to use with the Cursor agent](https://x.com/ericzakariasson/status/1910808935961088346). What are you all using?

* **Gemini 2.5 Pro Praise:** The positive buzz around Gemini 2.5 Pro continues to grow in the community. It's getting rave reviews and even achieving 'S-tier' status on social platforms like Reddit for its coding capabilities. ([Source](https://x.com/suchenzang/status/1911251230317490416))

That’s a wrap for this week! There's always so much happening, it's hard to keep up, but hopefully, this helps surface some of the more interesting bits for developers working with AI.

If you have any feedback or questions, feel free to respond to this email. Always happy to talk shop about the latest AI tools.

John Lindquist

[egghead.io](https://egghead.io)

AI Dev Essentials #2: GPT-4.1 Arrives, MCP Deep Dive & Google's Agent Dev Kit

AI Dev Essentials #2: GPT-4.1 & Gemini updates, MCP tools, Vercel v0, Google ADK, Cloudflare Containers news. Latest AI dev tooling highlights.

In this quick walkthrough, you’ll learn how to drop Nx into an existing npm or pnpm workspace and immediately benefit from project graph visualization, caching, and smart task orchestration, all without rewriting your setup.

You’ll start with a standard React monorepo containing a Vite app, a UI package, and utility functions. Then, using a single command (`nx init`), you’ll initialize Nx and see how it auto-detects your existing scripts, builds a dependency graph, and enables advanced features like affected commands and local caching.

We're also going to explore optional enhancements using Nx plugins for Vite and React. You’ll see how they help Nx infer tasks directly from your Vite config files, improve DX with the Nx Console VS Code extension, and leverage Nx plugin generators to scaffold code with a consistent structure.

What you’ll learn
- How to initialize Nx in an existing npm or pnpm monorepo
- How Nx understands your workspace structure and scripts
- How local caching and affected builds speed up development
- How optional Nx plugins improve DX without adding bloat
- How to scaffold new packages

Using Nx on an existing React and NPM workspace based monorepo

Applying Nx to an existing React monorepo to enable caching, task orchestration, and project graph analysis without changing your current setup.