Learn Aria, Netlify and Twit

Starting from a prebuilt frontend, Jason Lengstorf guides you through the creation of a "Corgi Up-boop App" that uses Netlify Functions and Hasura. You can view [the deployed final product on Netlify](https://egghead-serverless-functions.netlify.app/).

You'll set up the Netlify CLI, and configure a local development environment before writing and deploying functions with a few different use cases.

The first example function bypasses CORS restrictions to retrieve corgi data from an example third-party API.

Next, you'll configure environmental variables to securely communicate with the Unsplash API without exposing private keys to the client.

Serverless functions don't persist data by themselves, so we will use  Hasura to create a GraphQL API for tracking the number of "boops" each corgi receives.

This course is an excellent illustration of the speed of Serverless functions, and how fast you can implement functionality in your web applications.

An all-in-one workflow that combines global deployment, continuous integration, and automatic HTTPS.

netlify

Build a Corgi Up-boop Web App with Netlify Serverless Functions and Hasura

How does e-commerce work on the Jamstack? 

Jason Lengstorf and [Thor 雷神](https://twitter.com/thorwebdev) teamed up on _Learn With Jason_ to [build a serverless Stripe Checkout implementation](https://www.learnwithjason.dev/sell-products-on-the-jamstack). This collection is a cleaned up, egghead-style tutorial for selling products on a Jamstack site using Netlify Functions and Stripe Checkout.

JavaScript® (often shortened to JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, object-oriented language with first-class functions, most known as the scripting language for Web pages, but used in many non-browser environments as well such as node.js or Apache CouchDB. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting language that is dynamic, and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

javascript

Sell Products Using Stripe Checkout and Netlify Functions

OpenGraph images are the images you see when you paste a link into a social platform and it "unfurls" into an image, title, and description. This happens on Twitter, Discord, Slack, and many other platforms. This collection goes over everything from designing OpenGraph images in Figma, to implementing them in CodeSandbox, to returning headless browser screenshots from Netlify Functions, and finally using Cloudinary as a write-through cache. 

You will come away from this collection with the ability to ship an API that you can use on any of your sites, and also on-demand, that can generate images for not only OpenGraph unfurls, but also for Instagram, GitHub, and more. Using headless browsers with playwright to generate our images means we get full access to all the responsive power of CSS and all the logical power of JS to handle layout, importing assets like pngs, choosing different fonts, and more.

The image below is generated via the project you'll build and deploy in this course

![An example opengraph image](https://relaxed-payne-d1bfbe.netlify.com/opengraph?title=Building%20an%20OpenGraph%20image%20generation%20API%20with%20Cloudinary%20Netlify%20Functions%20and%20React&tags=figma,netlify%20functions,playwright&author=chrisbiscardi)

React is one of the web’s most popular frameworks for building JavaScript applications. 

If you know what you’re doing, React can drastically simplify how you build, use, and maintain code.

Whether you’re a React newbie or you’re ready for advanced techniques, you can level-up with egghead. Explore our in-depth courses, lessons, and community resources to build more powerful applications and crack open your career.

react

Building an OpenGraph image generation API with Cloudinary, Netlify Functions, and React

A large number of people are unable to use the web effectively due to an impairment or disability.

As developers there are several tools and techniques we can use to make our web applications accessible, ensuring a great user experience that includes everyone.

We all agree that Accessibility is important. However, it’s a broad landscape and can be overwhelming figuring out where to start!

Erin Doyle is an expert in creating accessible React applications and has developed a course that will give you a concrete process for testing, refactoring, and building your applications with accessibility in mind.

After this course, you'll have a jump start on auditing and fixing accessibility issues in your applications and gain a better understanding of your target users and how to approach your web app design from their perspectives.


Develop Accessible Web Apps with React

A short list of screencasts to cover essentials of [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.org/) to get started and have enough knowledge to become dangerous. 

The content comes from multiple instructors that have each covered different essentials, this cherry picks some of the most important concepts.

Videos in this collection cover these topics:
- installing plugins
- creating pages
- navigating between pages
- adding optimized images
- theming your styles
- deploying your site

Gatsby is a blazing fast static site generator built with React. Gatsby gives you all of the modern JavaScript tools you want; set up and ready to go out of the box.

gatsby

Up and Running with Gatsby

This application serves as an introduction to building products with a JAMStack and Serverless approach. We cover everything from the beginning:

* starting with the Gatsby client
* handling authentication with Netlify Identity
* Shipping a GraphQL server on Netlify Functions
* Building in access control with a serverless capable database

It uses tools that remove as many of the barriers as possible while also allowing upgrading in the future. Netlify Functions can grow into AWS Lambda, Netlify Identity can grow into Auth0 or Cognito, and FaunaDB can grow into DynamoDB.

Building a Serverless JAMStack Todo app with Netlify, Gatsby, GraphQL, and FaunaDB

This collection is a sequel to the [Building a Serverless JAMStack Todo app with Netlify, Gatsby, GraphQL, and FaunaDB](https://egghead.io/playlists/building-a-serverless-jamstack-todo-app-with-netlify-gatsby-graphql-and-faunadb-53bb) collection. In this collection we take the TODO application we built and convert it to run using Netlify Identity, AWS Lambda (using the serverless framework) and DynamoDB. We cover

* Fauna vs DynamoDB and when to use each
* Setting up AWS accounts
* Creating DynamoDB tables and data modeling differences between Fauna and Dynamo
* Converting our Netlify Functions deployment to a Serverless Framework deployment
* Implementing Custom authorizer functions on AWS

It uses tools that remove as many of the barriers as possible. Netlify Functions grows into Serverless Framework adn AWS Lambda, Netlify Identity is kept around, and FaunaDB can grows into DynamoDB.



FaunaDB is a global serverless database that gives you ubiquitous, low latency access to app data, without sacrificing data correctness. It eliminates layers of app code for manually handling data anomalies, security, and scale, creating a friendlier dev experience for you and better app experience for your users.

faunadb

Converting a Serverless App to run on AWS Lambda and DynamoDB with Serverless Framework

In this course we’ll learn how to create Twitter bots. We’ll first learn how to interface with the Twitter API using Twit.js, which allows us to post statuses, search tweets, and interact with followers. We’ll create several example bots that show the diversity of possibilities, using powerful tools such as RiTa.js, Google’s Cloud Vision API, and Tracery. We’ll learn how to tweet data from Google Spreadsheets, and to compose and tweet a song for an audio bot. We’ll also learn how to host our bot logic on Heroku and Docker. 

Twitter API Client for node

Supports both the REST and Streaming API.

twit

Create your own twitter bots

Accessibility (or a11y) is an important but often neglected in the world of web development. Many developers find themselves coding user interfaces without any knowledge of keyboard or screen reader requirements. 

The fact is that accessibility doesn't happen by accident. Often it is seen as too hard or time consuming. This doesn't have to be the case. By following a handful of high-value patterns and practices, we can open our web apps to humans that otherwise wouldn't be able to interact with them at all.

This course will introduce you to accessibility through hands-on, technical examples that are way more effective than reading 10-year-old static web content.



WAI-ARIA, the Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite, defines a way to make Web content and Web applications more accessible to people with disabilities. It especially helps with dynamic content and advanced user interface controls developed with Ajax, HTML, JavaScript, and related technologies. 

aria

Start Building Accessible Web Applications Today

Next.js is a React framework that provides a solutions to problems such as:

- 🌟 bundling & transpiling your React code
- 🌟 code splitting
- 🌟 being able to switch between client side rendering & server side rendering depending on the page (e.g. landing page vs. settings page)
- 🌟 client-side routing

In this collection we're going to learn how to harness the power of Next.js + TypeScript and how to work with Netlify in order to deploy our site for others to enjoy!

Learn how to:
- 🔥 Create a new Next.js project
- 🔥 Add TypeScript support
- 🔥 Create styled components with Emotion
- 🔥 Use both static and dynamic routes
- 🔥 Generate fully typed static pages
- 🔥 Set up Netlify deployments
- 🔥 Add a Netlify Form to our site
- 🔥 and more!

Next.js is a minimalistic framework for server-rendered React applications.

Build a site from scratch with Next.js, TypeScript, Emotion and Netlify

Skeleton screens show users that content is loading, offering a vague preview of how content will look once it fully loads.

CSS Animations are crucial for the perceived performance purposes since it shows for the user the content is loading by using animations as feedback for whoever is accessing the page. 

Follow the steps in this course and you will learn how to create a beautiful and pleasant Skeleton Loader for your web app using CSS animations, focusing on Web Accessibility and Web Semantic.

Creating Accessible Skeleton Loader Animation from Scratch with HTML and CSS

The Chrome Developer Tools (DevTools for short), are a set of web authoring and debugging tools built into Google Chrome.

chrome-devtools

What's in a name? In this lesson, I'll explain the concept of naming interactive elements for screen reader users, including forms, buttons, and links. You'll learn how to debug accessible names and descriptions using the Chrome Accessibility Developer Tools (previously a Canary experiment, now in Chrome), using multiple labeling techniques. We'll also listen to the effects of proper accessible names and descriptions in Voiceover and Safari.

For more information and the nitty-gritty browser implementation algorithm, refer to WAI-ARIA 1.1: 
- https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#namecalculation
- https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.1/

What is Accessible Name Calculation?

In this lesson, you will learn how to push your website code to Github and Build and deploy it using Netlify

Deploy a Gatsby website on Netlify

Netlify will automatically build your Gatsby website whenever you push new code to your repository but what about content changes in Contentful. In this lesson, you will learn how to use Contentful webhook feature to trigger a Netlify build whenever you publish or delete new content on Contentful

Trigger Netlify Builds when content changes in Contentful

In this lesson, we are going to use aria-current to give a screen reader user more context about what the current page is. Historically, many developers use an `.active` class to indicate that the page in a menu is the same that you're on. 

Instead of using a class, we are going to use the aria-current attribute to add more semantic value to the HTML and use that attribute to style the active link.

Note: VoiceOver testing works best on the Native Safari Browser, hence why we should always use Safari to test.

More resources:
- [Using the aria current attribute](https://tink.uk/using-the-aria-current-attribute/)
- [W3 WAI-ARIA - aria-current](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#aria-current)
- [Breadcrumb Example - w3-WAI ARIA Practices](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-practices-1.1/examples/breadcrumb/index.html)

Add Semantic Styling to the Current Page of a Navigation Item with aria-current

Our first layer of defense when building accessible React applications is to add some auditing tools to our development workflow. This should include adding static analysis checking for common accessibility standards and best practices. We can get this with the latest eslint plugin: "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y". If you are already linting your projects adding this plugin should fit very smoothly into your workflow.

## Resources
1. [List of all the rules supported by eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y](https://github.com/evcohen/eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y#supported-rules)
2. [Comparison of the difference in rules between recommended and strict mode](https://github.com/evcohen/eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y#difference-between-recommended-and-strict-mode)
3. [Background on how the Accessibility API implemented by browsers interfaces with Assistive Technologies](https://github.com/evcohen/eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y#some-background-on-wai-aria-the-ax-tree-and-browsers)

Set up ESLint to Audit Accessibility Issues in React

In this lesson, we will be going over the attribute `aria-expanded`. Instead of using a class like `.open` we are going to use the `aria-expanded` attribute to style.

This accomplished double duty because we have semantic value and visual indicators that a button is open and closed.

To test this, I opened up Safari and used CMD + F5 to turn VoiceOver on. 

- [An Introduction to ARIA States](https://www.a11ywithlindsey.com/blog/introduction-aria-states)
- [w3c Using aria-expanded to indicate the state of a collapsible element](https://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/wiki/Using_aria-expanded_to_indicate_the_state_of_a_collapsible_element)

Add aria-expanded to add semantic value and styling

Continuing to add to our accessibility auditing toolset: react-axe goes hand in hand with eslint and specifically the eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y plugin.  While eslint analyzes our static code, react-axe is able to audit the elements that are available in the DOM at runtime.  As components get rendered into the DOM by React, react-axe is able to immediately check them for potential accessibility issues and will output any findings to the console.  Adding this tool to our workflow gives us accessibility checking as we're developing so that we can eliminate a plethora of potential issues as early as possible.

## Resources
* [List of all rules supported by react-axe](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/blob/develop/doc/rule-descriptions.md)
* [Documentation of the Configuration Object](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/blob/master/doc/API.md#api-name-axeconfigure)
* [How Deque Labs makes decisions on axe rules](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/blob/develop/doc/accessibility-supported.md)

Use react-axe to Audit Accessibility Issues at Runtime during Development

The axe browser extension (for Chrome and Firefox) is an immensely helpful tool for auditing web pages for accessibility defects.  This extension is powered by the same rules engine developed by Deque Labs in their axe-core open source library which also powers the react-axe development tool.  Each reported defect offers a ton of information about the defect, why it's a problem, severity level, groups impacted and ways to fix the defect.  This can be a great resource for learning more about how to write accessible code.

## Resources
* [Chrome browser extension](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/axe-web-accessibility-tes/lhdoppojpmngadmnindnejefpokejbdd)
* [Firefox browser extension](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/axe-devtools/)

Use the axe Browser Extension to Audit a Web Page for Accessibility Issues

Here we use HTML and CSS to create a stylish yet semantic tooltip on a form input. I am using `aria-describedby` to create a relationship with the input and the tooltip. Then I use CSS to style the tooltip and control when it appears or disappears both on hover and focus.

In this video, we use VoiceOver. To test that on a MacOS, use CMD + F5.

A few resources:
- [CSS Triangle](https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/css-triangle/)
- [a11y Style Guide - Tooltips](https://a11y-style-guide.com/style-guide/section-forms.html#kssref-forms-tooltips) - I used this to gut check and with some help with those transitions. 
- [Using VoiceOver to Evaluate Web Accessibility](https://webaim.org/articles/voiceover/)

Create an Accessible Tooltip on a Text Input

Landmark regions are used by screen readers to make it easier for users to navigate the content on the page by defining the structure of the page.  Tools like the Rotor in VoiceOver rely on landmark regions to provide users with the ability to skip directly to the desired section of the page.  We can do this either using HTML5 landmark elements or `<div>` elements with aria roles. In the past, the recommendation was to use both but now we should only use one or the other.

The following are ARIA roles for landmark regions:
* `banner`
* `complementary`
* `contentinfo`
* `form`
* `main`
* `navigation`
* `search`
* `application`

## References
* https://dequeuniversity.com/assets/html/jquery-summit/html5/slides/landmarks.html
* https://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/wiki/Using_ARIA_landmarks_to_identify_regions_of_a_page
* https://www.w3.org/TR/html-aria/#docconformance

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