Learn Bash, Puppeteer and Screen-reader

OpenGraph images are the images you see when you paste a link into a social platform and it "unfurls" into an image, title, and description. This happens on Twitter, Discord, Slack, and many other platforms. This collection goes over everything from designing OpenGraph images in Figma, to implementing them in CodeSandbox, to returning headless browser screenshots from Netlify Functions, and finally using Cloudinary as a write-through cache. 

You will come away from this collection with the ability to ship an API that you can use on any of your sites, and also on-demand, that can generate images for not only OpenGraph unfurls, but also for Instagram, GitHub, and more. Using headless browsers with playwright to generate our images means we get full access to all the responsive power of CSS and all the logical power of JS to handle layout, importing assets like pngs, choosing different fonts, and more.

The image below is generated via the project you'll build and deploy in this course

![An example opengraph image](https://relaxed-payne-d1bfbe.netlify.com/opengraph?title=Building%20an%20OpenGraph%20image%20generation%20API%20with%20Cloudinary%20Netlify%20Functions%20and%20React&tags=figma,netlify%20functions,playwright&author=chrisbiscardi)

React is one of the web’s most popular frameworks for building JavaScript applications. 

If you know what you’re doing, React can drastically simplify how you build, use, and maintain code.

Whether you’re a React newbie or you’re ready for advanced techniques, you can level-up with egghead. Explore our in-depth courses, lessons, and community resources to build more powerful applications and crack open your career.

react

Building an OpenGraph image generation API with Cloudinary, Netlify Functions, and React

A large number of people are unable to use the web effectively due to an impairment or disability.

As developers there are several tools and techniques we can use to make our web applications accessible, ensuring a great user experience that includes everyone.

We all agree that Accessibility is important. However, it’s a broad landscape and can be overwhelming figuring out where to start!

Erin Doyle is an expert in creating accessible React applications and has developed a course that will give you a concrete process for testing, refactoring, and building your applications with accessibility in mind.

After this course, you'll have a jump start on auditing and fixing accessibility issues in your applications and gain a better understanding of your target users and how to approach your web app design from their perspectives.


Develop Accessible Web Apps with React

🚀 In this collection, I will be going over some command line tools I use on a daily basis that make my life a lot easier.

[First up is fzf](https://github.com/junegunn/fzf).

> fzf is a general-purpose command-line fuzzy finder.

Bash is a Unix shell and command language written by Brian Fox for the GNU Project as a free software replacement for the Bourne shell. Bash is a command processor that typically runs in a text window, where the user types commands that cause actions. Bash can also read and execute commands from a file, called a shell script.

bash

Upgrade Your Terminal and Make It a Joy to Work with

“Setting up remote server authentication” will never be on your job description. It’s not one of those desirable responsibilities that convinces talented people to move across the country and pursue the job of their dreams.

But at that dream job, you might be asked to set up an SSH key. You’d better be ready.

In this course, we will learn the fundamentals of creating SSH keys and configuring them for connectivity to a remote server. We’ll figure out how to:

- tunnel SSH connections for easier local debugging
- set up configuration files to simplify the aspect of connecting to remote servers
- use security features like blocking incoming connections

Being prepared is key. Learn the skills now!

SSH for Remote Server Authentication

Extracting meaningful data from strings is a crucial skill when working with bash, and bash gives us powerful tools to do so: `head`, `tail`, `cut`, `sed`, and `awk`. But these tools can be hard to understand without spending time to learn them, so many developers fall into a rut of blindly copying and pasting commands. No more! With this mini-course, you'll understand the basic ins and outs of these commands in under 15 minutes. 


Manipulating strings in bash

SSH provides a secure way for your to [connect to and authenticate with GitHub's servers](https://help.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/about-ssh). While HTTPS connections use usernames and passwords as credentials, SSH instead uses public and private key pairs. These can be generated on your system using a CLI like [`ssh-keygen`](https://help.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent) and then associated with your GitHub account using the public key.

In some cases, you may need to connect to more than one GitHub account from the same system. For example, you may have [separate accounts for personal and professional projects](https://ryanharris.dev/managing-ssh-keys-for-github/), which can be difficult to manage manually. Using `ssh-agent` and a SSH configuration file, you can alleviate this pain point by automatically determining which key to use based on your GitHub repository's `git` URL.

Secure GitHub connections with SSH

Bash makes automation easy. Just a few lines of code can take care of repetitive tasks for you and your teammates. 

In this course, we’ll dive deep into the automation potential of bash. You’ll learn to leverage common hooks that open up interesting automation possibilities, like git hooks, adding functions and aliases in your bash_profile, and running scheduled jobs in launchd.

For example, we’ll write a git hook that checks package.json for changes, and if there are changes, the hook runs npm install for you automatically. 

Along the way, you’ll also learn:

- more advanced bash commands like exec
- syntax such as redirecting stdout and stderr to the same destination
- timesaving tricks like brace expansions

Automation is all about saving you time — and at only 52 minutes, this course is well worth yours. Enjoy!

Advanced Bash Automation for Web Developers



Humans were never meant to repeat joyless tasks in a precise manner, over and over and over. Computers are meant precisely for these types of tasks.

Bash is a ubiquitous technology in web development that gives you the immense power of automating repetitive tasks you find yourself performing throughout the day.

The topics we cover will give you confidence in creating build scripts that run on continuous integration servers or quickly testing and debugging an API with `curl`. We’ll go over:  - Interacting with the file system - Creating, moving, copying, and deleting files and folders - Finding files and text patterns in files - Creating and running scripts - Language syntax like variables and conditionals.

Automate Daily Development Tasks with Bash

screen-reader

There are many techniques for hiding content in user interfaces, and not all are created equal! Learn how different hiding techniques in HTML, CSS and ARIA impact keyboard and screen reader users in addition to visual display. As a bonus, we'll also take a look using a screen reader on a mobile device.

How Visible vs. Hidden Elements Affect Keyboard/Screen Reader Users

Puppeteer is a Node library which provides a high-level API to control headless Chrome or Chromium over the DevTools Protocol. It can also be configured to use full (non-headless) Chrome or Chromium.

puppeteer

In this lesson we are going to send commands to the chromium browser with Puppeteer. These commands will enable us to calculate both the total number of CSS stylesheets used on the page and the ruleUsage for each of those stylesheets. With these metrics we will be able to calculate the percentage of unused CSS on the page. 

Get the Percentage of Unused CSS on a Page with Google's Puppeteer

In this lesson we are going to use the firstPaintTime metric from chrome's load times, as well as the navigation start from the W3C window metrics, to calculate how long it takes a page to paint. We will set up a quick function and test it out on google.com

Calculate a Page's First Paint Time with Puppeteer

In this lesson we are going to use Google's Puppeteer to gather metrics about a page's load time. We'll use a high level date subtraction method as well as gather data from the window performance timing. Then see how throttling the network to 3G affects the page's load time. 

Get a Page's Load Time with Puppeteer

It can be helpful when automating tests, metrics, and integration tools to know not only how much JavaScript there is on a page but to calculate how much is not being used. We are able to calculate the percentage of JS used by getting metrics from the window object. 

Get the Percentage of Unused JS on a page with Puppeteer

In this lesson, we’ll learn how to change the working directory using `cd` and list a directory's contents using `ls`. We'll see how `ls`'s `-l` and `-a` flags work. 

Navigate the Filesystem in Bash

Sometimes when working at the command line, it can be handy to view a file’s contents right in the terminal, or open a file with a certain application. We’ll learn how to view files in the terminal using `cat` and `less` and we’ll learn how to open them with `open`.

View Files and Folders in Bash

One of the most useful things you can automate with bash is creating and deleting files and folders. We’ll learn how to create a file with `touch` and append content to it with `echo`. Then we’ll create a directory with `mkdir`. Using `rm`, we’ll then remove files and folders. 

Create and Delete Files and Folders in Bash

In this lesson we’ll learn how to move and rename files (`mv`) and copy (`cp`) them. 

Move and Copy Files and Folders with Bash

`find` is a powerful tool that can not only find files but it can run a command on each matching file too. In this lesson, we’ll learn how to find all the images that match a pattern and run an image optimization tool on them. 

Find Files and Folders with `find` in Bash

A Unix command used to search files for the occurrence of a string of characters that matches a specified pattern.

grep

In this lesson, we’ll use `grep` to find text patterns. We’ll also go over some of the flags that `grep` has that can be combined together to make it more powerful and easier to read.

Search for Text with `grep`

In the lesson, we’ll learn how to encapsulate some logic we want to easily run later in a script. After creating the script, we have to use `chmod u+x` to give it execute permissions. If we want our script to make use of parameters passed to it when it's invoked, we can reference them using the syntax `$1`, `$2`, etc. (also known as positional parameters). 

We’ll also learn about what `$PATH` is, and move our script to a folder already on the `$PATH` so that it can be executed in any folder in our shell. 

Create and Run Bash Scripts with Command Line Arguments

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. It is a generic, stateless, protocol which can be used for many tasks beyond its use for hypertext, such as name servers and distributed object management systems, through extension of its request methods, error codes and headers.

http

`curl` is how you make HTTP requests from the command line. It's awesome for testing out APIs because you have full control over all the headers that are sent, and you don't have to interact with a UI to send a request. 

We’ll learn how to make requests and change the HTTP method, set headers, and send JSON and url encoded form data. We'll also see how to increase readability by splitting long requests into multiple lines and formatting JSON responses with `jsome`, a node module.

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