Cascading Style Sheets bring order and beauty to our applications.

Learn Css

Bootstrap is an incredibly popular CSS framework designed to make your website look great on mobile and desktop.

By the end of this course, you'll be familiar with many of the popular classes and components that Bootstrap uses to apply in your own projects.

For each feature you build in the course, you'll get a sense for what the relevant classes do for those components and links to documentation for further exploration.

For the course demo application, we will analyze the landing pages of Microsoft and Apple to identify common components that are implemented. When these are identified, you'll implement these components yourself with Bootstrap.

You'll build several common UI elements such as a nav bar, a carousel of images, Cards, and Forms.

Through building these components, you'll understand what is behind the different classes Bootstrap gives you and get familiar with how it exposes flex and grid layout for you.

Create Professional Responsive Websites using Bootstrap

Now that we have a project, we need a Pin input to work with. We'll create 4 inputs and style them so they look like a security code pin input that you would expect to see.

Style a Pin Input through Data Attributes in React

JavaScript® (often shortened to JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, object-oriented language with first-class functions, most known as the scripting language for Web pages, but used in many non-browser environments as well such as node.js or Apache CouchDB. It is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm scripting language that is dynamic, and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

javascript

We'll discuss the minimum set of files that are required to get up and running with Vue.

We'll add an `index.html` file as our entry point, a `main.js` file that will contain our JavaScript code and a `styles.css` that will contain all of our CSS. We also load Vue into our project with UNPKG which exposes the Vue object to us.

Set up the Minimum Files Needed to Run Vue 3

Using the open-source project ComfyJS, display a response to chat commands overlaid on the Twitch scenes. We'll use Eleventy templating to create a partial holding the initial command HTML. Then, using [the cicada principle](https://lea.verou.me/2020/07/the-cicada-principle-revisited-with-css-variables/), we'll enable visuals of each command word to appear in a seemingly random order across the scene. We'll use the `ComfyJS.onCommand` method to enable cloning the command template nodes and adding them as the commands are triggered through Twitch chat. CSS transitions will be used to apply a fade and zoom in/out effect for the added command nodes.

Respond to Twitch Chat Commands With Scene Elements and ComfyJS

To embed Twitch chat, we'll use the open-source project [ComfyJS](https://github.com/instafluff/ComfyJS) which is a JavaScript API to interface with the Twitch API. It offers features like responding to incoming chat messages and chat commands and other events like new subscriptions.

Using ComfyJS, we'll set up a section in the Twitch scenes to show incoming chat messages. This lesson covers the CSS needed to style the chat messages and make older ones scroll out of view once new ones are received. We'll take advantage of Eleventy templating to include the necessary scripts.

Embed Twitch Chat in Scenes Using ComfyJS

Add three Twitch scenes for preshow, host, and main, and style them using CSS. Learn how to include transparent background areas with CSS gradients that will mask capture areas for a webcam and desktop display.

Create Twitch Scene Templates and Style

Chrome Devtools can be really powerful, when it comes to debug JavaScript, inspect DOM nodes and their properties as well as CSS styling. in this lesson we're quickly having a look at the "CSS Overview" feature of Chrome Devtools, that allows you to debug the CSS design of a website, starting from the used color palette, fonts and much more.

Use Chrome Devtools' CSS Overview to debug the CSS Design of a website

Forms are one of the most common features of a web application. They are also a common cause of headaches. The controls you use, the markup for the structural layout, and the styling all have to be considered.

What you build can look and behave differently depending on the browser being used, and how you build it can impact the accessibility of your application.

Stephanie Eckles has prepared several lessons that work through the creation of a complete form demo featuring the most common controls with a variety of attributes.

You'll create semantic fieldsets, add responsive styles without media queries, and prepare styles for accessible validation.

The demo is built with Sass and Eleventy. Don't worry if you don't have prior experience with these tools— Stephanie's code and explanations make it easy to follow along, and additional resources are available if you need them.

Accessible Cross-Browser CSS Form Styling

WAI-ARIA, the Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite, defines a way to make Web content and Web applications more accessible to people with disabilities. It especially helps with dynamic content and advanced user interface controls developed with Ajax, HTML, JavaScript, and related technologies. 

aria

Sometimes it's beneficial to add more context for a form field than can be provided by the label. In this lesson, we'll create the `.field-description` class to enable an additional field description. And we'll learn how to ensure users of assistive technology also receive the description in context by associating the description to the field with `aria-describedby`. This text span can also be used to provide validation messages.

Create and Style an Accessible Field Description

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics with support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) since 1999. SVG images and their behaviors are defined in XML text files.

svgo

This lesson will focus on creating the checkbox styles for both the default and checked state. We'll make sure our styles are accessible and able to use our theme system.

We'll get started by adding an inline SVG to our input which we can style. I'll give you a tour of what is happening with the SVG and show you how to display it in the checkbox by providing a width. From there we will set the default state of the SVG to a `scale(0)` and set up a transition so when the checkbox is clicked to scale the SVG to 1.

Create Custom Checkbox CSS Styles with SVG

This lesson will focus on styling the radio button styles for both the default and checked state. We'll make sure our styles are accessible, including print-friendly.

We'll use the `::before` selector to apply a box-shadow that we'll inset and apply our primary color to so that we can visually indicate which radio button is selected. When doing this, this style will initially be applied to every radio button element. We fix this visual appearance with an initial transform of `scale(0)` and  then applying a transform `scale(1)` to the `input:checked` selector.

Create Custom Radio Button CSS Styles

Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite — WAI-ARIA — defines a way to make Web accessible to people with any type of disabilities and it’s also a good practice for skeleton loaders.

Attributes such as `tabindex`, `role`, and `aria-*` are essential for assistive technologies such as screen readers. So that, users with any type of visual disabilities can understand that the specific state of the fragment of your page is currently loading, having that validated by using different tools, such as Lighthouse integration via Chrome Devtools, as an example.

Use WAI-ARIA Attributes to improve Web Accessibility of your Skeleton Loader

CSS Media queries are heavily used across web pages for different reasons, such as make your web pages responsive, but what if we can use them to improve web accessibility as well? In this case, you can use `prefers-reduced-motion` CSS media query to improve web accessibility in your web app by adding this support, respecting the user’s OS option Reduce Motion for people with disabilities.

Use prefers-reduced-motion CSS Media Query to Improve Web Accessibility in your App

Skeleton screens show users that content is loading, offering a vague preview of how content will look once it fully loads. Also, CSS Animations are crucial for the perceived performance purposes since it shows for the user the content is loading by using animations as feedback for whoever is accessing the page. In the end, you will learn how to create a beautiful and pleasant Skeleton Loader for your web app using CSS animations.


Create Skeleton Loader using CSS Animations

Learn how to make a fully functioning Tic Tac Toe game that doesn't need any client-side JavaScript!

For this course, we'll be using Pug and Stylus which are preprocessors for HTML and CSS respectively.

Learn how to:
- Generate markup with loops and template literals
- Leverage native HTML behavior
- Create SVG
- Use CSS variables and scope
- Implement game logic with HTML forms
- Animate SVG with CSS
- Use CSS Animation to provide motion
- Use Pug Mixins
- Disable motion when users don't want it
- Apply visual effects using CSS filter and backdrop-filter
- Generate random animations using Pug and CSS variables

Tic Tac Toe with CSS and SVG

Using a backdrop filter gives us a way to blur out the backdrop of an element. This is particularly useful when we want to shift the focus from the background to the foreground.

Use a Backdrop Filter to Shift Focus to the Foreground

The power of CSS variable scope and randomly generated inline CSS variables makes for some interesting opportunities. In this lesson, we take a look at how combining them can give you the ability to generate random animations.

I covered this for [CSS Tricks](https://css-tricks.com/the-power-and-fun-of-scope-with-css-custom-properties/).

Use the Combination of Scoped CSS Variables and Pug to Generate Random CSS Animations

We can use the :hover pseudo selector to conditionally style elements. In this example, we show how to do a show/hide for ghosting visual indicators on a tic tac toe board.

Use the Hover Pseudo Selector to Style Child Elements

We can use the media query `prefers-reduced-motion` to detect a user's preference for motion. This is particularly useful when we have users that may have vestibular disorders. In these cases, we can detect it and set motion speed to zero.

Use Media Queries to Detect a User Preference for Motion

Chaining CSS filters gives us the opportunity to create appealing visual effects. In this example, we look at creating a "neon" like effect for SVG.

Use Chained CSS Filter to Apply Visual Effects

If you're applying delays to animation or using open-ended keyframes, fill mode will help with getting rid of flicker. Using animation-fill-mode, we can retain styling from animation keyframes. We can retain the styling during delay periods or even when the animation has completed.

Use Animation Fill Mode to Retain Keyframe Styling

Mock Service Worker is an API mocking library that allows you to write client-agnostic mocks and reuse them across any frameworks, tools, and environments.



Mocking WebSocket APIs with Mock Service Worker


When attempting to load the same module twice in JavaScript you'll hit a cache and code won't re-run. In scenarios where you actually do want to have state in your modules, you'll have to use a cache-busting technique by passing a query parameter to a dynamic import. This lesson walks through how to add a query parameter, how to add the appropriate types for loading dynamic modules in TypeScript, and when these techniques are valuable.

Import the Same JavaScript Module Multiple Times with Cache Busting



The include keyword in GitHub Actions empowers you to add custom variables to your matrix strategy, providing flexibility beyond standard configurations. In this video, we'll explore how include allows you to define specific combinations of variables, enhancing control over your workflow runs. You'll see how this feature enables you to tailor jobs for unique environments or scenarios not covered by the default matrix options. By leveraging include, you can efficiently manage complex build processes with greater precision. This technique helps you streamline your CI/CD pipeline, making it more adaptable to your project's evolving needs.

Use GitHub Actions Matrix Include for Complex Job Configurations

While running `zod` schema validation agains domain-rich objects, the error message saying that _a string is not a number_ might not be really useful.

Especially, when you need to provide a meaningful feeback to the user, e.g. after they have submitted a form with lots of data.

`zod` allows to customize messages on a very granular level. We can also extract repeatable customization to `zod` error maps.

Finally, in order to process an error message further (e.g. display it to the user), we need to handle the `zod` validation errors effectively. Especially, when a big object validation has failed and we could receive a handful of errors.

That's what we learn in this lesson. 🔥

Customize zod Error Messages and Handle zod Errors Effectively

customize zod validation messages, customize zod schema property messages, reuse error maps across different schemas, navigate through zod error objects

You might want to run `zod` schema checks in different styles.

Sometimes you prefer to conditionally throw the error - that's what `parse` does. But another time you'd prefer to receive a `boolean` property that determines whether the validation was successful or not - and perform further actions accordingly.

Additionally, the error-throwing API of `parse` works extremely well with [TypeScript assertion functions](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-3-7.html#assertion-functions). Their combination is just... perfect! 👌

That's what we learn in this lesson.

Use parse and safeParse Runtime Type-checks with zod

use zod parse function to conditionally throw ZodError, use zod safeParse to get a boolean value and run typescript type guard over success property

In this lesson we learn that TypeScript cannot guarantee correct shapes of responses. That's due to TS performing checks in compile-time, while the response will be availbale in runtime - when TS doesn't exist anymore.

In some situations, such as HTTP requests, runtime type checks such as `zod` are essential for providing quick feedback around data-related errors.

Understand where are the possible mistakes to make while using TypeScript with HTTP calls. Use `fetch` and `axios` along with `zod` schema checks.

Also, note that similar mistakes or mistakes could happen while using web storage (e.g. `localStorage`)

Validate HTTP API Response with zod, fetch and axios

use zod as an HTTP response validation tool along with fetch and axios in order to make sure that the response has expected data structure

In this lesson we learn that the `zod` schemas become the single source of truth.

We shall not update TypeScript types manually, since they are generated automatically from the schema.

Same with validation functions.

Whenever the schema changes, all the rest will update accordingly. It's an important mind shift.

Treat zod Schemas as Single Source of Truth

Zod Schemas are the single source of truth for both typescript types, and interfaces - and runtime validation functions. Schemas should be updated first.

`zod` is powerful, but writing the schemas manually for existing JSON objects, especially big ones, can be time-consuming.

But that's what `quicktype` is for! You can get 80% work done instantly! 🥳

Depending on your need - whether you want to automate the process, or do it just one time, you can:
- use an online app
- use an IDE extension
- run a CLI script
- generate a script to be executed within CI/CD environment/tooling

And this is what we learn in this lesson! 🔥🔥🔥

Get started with zod quickly!

Generate zod Schemas Automatically using Quicktype App, Extensions and Scripts

Use quicktype app, extension or scripts to automatically generate zod schemas from existing json files. Save time and get started with zod quickly!

`zod` is a powerful library allowing to run runtime type-checks.

It's complementary to TypeScript, which does type checks in compile time.

In this lesson we create few schemas that represent primitive type values, along with `zod` utilities which make these more precise. We also create object schemas and nest one inside another.

All schemas are being validated against example values. We analyze how to interpret error messages in case of failures.

Perform Runtime Type-checks on Primitives and Objects with zod

Create zod schemas to validate primitive type and object type values in runtime. Analyze the errors to see how a value doesn't correspond to schema expectations


Using Cursor Chat, you can easily reference an entire directory of files and ask it to generate anything based on those files. This opens up the possibility of using your current code as a reference guide to create new code that follows existing patterns. With this approach, the result can be a polished prompt you can use with any AI to generate consistent and reliable output.

Focus less on crafting the perfect prompt upfront - what matters most is testing and iterating based on the AI's responses. The more results you see from the prompt, the more you can reinforce the good results and prune out the bad results until your prompt is polished enough that you can rely on the prompt to give you consistent quality results.


CSS

Just Enough CSS to Build Modern UI

Beginner

CSS Fundamentals

Style an Application from Start to Finish

Flexbox Fundamentals

Build Modern Layouts with CSS Grid

Intermediate

CSS Selectors in Depth

Optimize User Experience for Mobile Devices and Browsers

Learn CSS Animations for a Better User Experience

CSS Tips and Tricks

Advanced

Learn Advanced CSS Layout Techniques

Build Complex Layouts with CSS Grid Layout

Use CSS to Create Art and Illustrations

Tic Tac Toe with CSS and SVG

Animation

Animating React Components with Framer Motion

Create Amazing Animations with GreenSock

Spring Animation in React with React Spring

Search Results

Create Professional Responsive Websites using Bootstrap

Style a Pin Input through Data Attributes in React

Set up the Minimum Files Needed to Run Vue 3

Respond to Twitch Chat Commands With Scene Elements and ComfyJS

Embed Twitch Chat in Scenes Using ComfyJS

Create Twitch Scene Templates and Style

Use Chrome Devtools' CSS Overview to debug the CSS Design of a website

Accessible Cross-Browser CSS Form Styling

Create and Style an Accessible Field Description

Create Custom Checkbox CSS Styles with SVG

Create Custom Radio Button CSS Styles

Use WAI-ARIA Attributes to improve Web Accessibility of your Skeleton Loader

Use prefers-reduced-motion CSS Media Query to Improve Web Accessibility in your App

Create Skeleton Loader using CSS Animations

Tic Tac Toe with CSS and SVG

Use a Backdrop Filter to Shift Focus to the Foreground

Use the Combination of Scoped CSS Variables and Pug to Generate Random CSS Animations

Use the Hover Pseudo Selector to Style Child Elements

Use Media Queries to Detect a User Preference for Motion

Use Chained CSS Filter to Apply Visual Effects

Use Animation Fill Mode to Retain Keyframe Styling