 Courses from Bram Borggreve

Node.js is a platform built on Chrome's JavaScript runtime for easily building fast, scalable network applications. Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient, perfect for data-intensive real-time applications that run across distributed devices.

node

In this lesson, we add a Docker configuration to our project. In the `Dockerfile` we specify the different _layers_ of our Docker image. We use a pretty standard `Dockerfile` and use the `build` and `start` scripts in our `package.json` do the actual work.

We create a shortcut called `docker:build` to quickly build an image. 

When building the image, we see that the _context_ being sent to the container is huge. By adding a `.dockerignore` file we can exclude what is being sent. We add `dist` and `node_modules`.

Other scripts we add are `docker:run` and `docker:push`.


The code of the `Dockerfile` can be found below:

```Dockerfile
FROM node:14-alpine

WORKDIR /workspace

COPY package.json yarn.lock /workspace/

RUN yarn

COPY . .

RUN yarn build

CMD ["yarn", "start"]
``` 

Create a Docker configuration for a NestJS API

In this lesson, we will add GraphQL functionality to our NestJS API. After installing a bunch of dependencies, we can import the `GraphQLModule` inside our `CoreModule`. We call the `forRoot` method and pass in an object that sets `autoSchemaFile` to `true`. 

This enables the code-first option in NestJS. This means that we can generate our GraphQL schema by adding decorators to classes!

When restarting the API, we see that we get an error message telling us that the "query root type is required". This is because each GraphQL server should have at least one query.

We create and _provide_ the `CoreResolver` and define a method `uptime` that returns `process.uptime()`. To expose this method over GraphQL we decorate it with the `@Query` decorator, and make sure that we import it from `@nestjs/graphql`.


Add a GraphQL endpoint to a NestJS API

In this lesson, we add configuration to the NestJS API using a `.env` file, which Nx Workspace supports out of the box.

After adding the `@nestjs/config` and `joi` dependencies, we define a configuration and validation schema. 

These files are loaded into the `ConfigModule`, that we import in `CoreModule` and the values in our `.env` file are now validated using our schema.

We can now import the `ConfigService` and use it to get properties from our configuration.


 Configure a NestJS API with Environment Variables using ConfigModule and joi

In this lesson we use the @nrwl/nest plugin to create a new library called core. 

This is done by running the `lib` _schematic_ from the `@nrwl/nest` plugin.

Once this library is generated, we import the it in the AppModule in order to register it.

If we look at the server output, we see that the `CoreModule` can not be loaded, failing with an error message "Module not found".

This is because changes in `tsconfig` are not being read until we restart the server. After restarting the server our `CoreModule` gets loaded correctly.


Create a library for a NestJS API in a Nx Workspace

In this lesson we create a new empty Nx Workspace by running `yarn create nx-workspace.

While the installer provides several pre-defined structures, we pick the `empty` workspace and provide our own structure.

This setup creates a default structure including the files `nx.json` and `workspace.json`, which store the project meta data.

Additionally, we have an empty `apps` and `libs` folder, where the actual code gets generated. 

After looking at the structure, we personalize our `prettier` configuration and add the `husky` and `lint-staged` dev dependencies. Inside `package.json` we configure the a _pre-commit hook_ in `husky` and make it execute `lint-staged`. 

To configure `lint-stated` which we provide a configuration on how to format certain files based on their extension.


Create an Nx Workspace with prettier, husky and lint-staged

In this lesson we use the @nrwl/nest plugin to create a NestJS API.

Inside our Nx Workspace we install the dev dependency `@nrwl/nest` and use the `app` _schematic_ that it provides to generate an app called *api*.

Once the app is generated, we take a look at the main entry file, `main.ts` and analyze the `bootstrap` function, and the `AppModule` that gets bootstrapped. 

After that, we create a shortcut inside `package.json` to quickly start our API and then we verify that the API endpoint works as  expected.

Create an NestJS API in a Nx Workspace

Angular is a development platform for creating applications using modern web standards. Angular includes a wealth of essential features such as mobile gestures, animations, filtering, routing, data binding, security, internationalization, and beautiful UI components. It's extremely modular, lightweight, and easy to learn.

angular

In our 'container components' we use the `ngOnInit` lifecycle hook to subscribe to our service. While this works, there is a downside: the components get loaded before the data is available, which results in that we show empty components. This is particularly visible on slow connections.

To fix this we create a `ProductsResolver`, and implement the `resolve` method that fetches the data from the service. In `ProductRoutingModule` we add the `resolve` property to our route, and add make the `ProductsResolver` resolve and store the data in the `products` property.

Inside our `ngOnInit` in `ProductListComponent` we can now subscribe to the route data, which makes the usage of the service in this component obsolete.

We do the same for the `ProductDetailComponent`. After this there are no longer empty components, the router will not navigate after the data is retrieved.

Create Angular Resolvers to retrieve the product data from the Service

A default Angular application ships with two default environment files that can store constants that are different for each environment, one for development and the other for production.

We will define the `apiUrl` constant in both development and production environments. 

The value for development is  `http://localhost:3000/api` and the value for production is `https://egghead-products-api.now.sh/api` .

In `angular.json` we can find a `configurations` object where our `production` build is defined. We can see that in a production build, the `environment.prod.ts` will replace `environment.ts`.

[Link to product api used in lessons](https://github.com/beeman/egghead-products-api)

Use the Angular CLI Environment to Define Constants

In this lesson we will add Server Side Rendering to our application using Angular Universal.  We'll build a simple Express application and see how Angular Universal builds and renders our app on the server. 

Since Angular CLI v6 we can simple run `ng generate universal --clientProject store`, where `store` is the name of our app.

In `angular.json` in the `architect.server` object we define a `configurations` object, to make sure the correct environment gets copied on a production build.

To make Angular Universal with lazy loaded modules we need to add the `ModuleMapLoaderModule` to `AppServerModule`, which we get after installing ` @nguniversal/module-map-ngfactory-loader` from npm. 

```
npm install --save @nguniversal/module-map-ngfactory-loader @nguniversal/express-engine
```

In the project root we implement a `server.ts` and define our simple express server.

When we run the new server we see that the app gets rendered before it hits the browser.

Server Side Render an Angular CLI Project with Angular Universal

In this lesson we will add support for deploying our application to [now.sh](https://zeit.co/now).

We will create a `now` object in package.json where we configure the name, the alias and the list of files we want to deploy.

We create an npm run-script called `now-build` and set the value to `true` to skip building the project on `now.sh`. The second run-script called `now` invokes `now deploy && now alias`. 

After this we sun `npm run build && npm run now` to build and deploy our app!

Deploy an Angular CLI Project to now.sh

In this lesson we will create a `UiService` and inside that service we create some application defaults, import the `Title` and `Meta` services from `@angular/platform-browser` and create a function called `setMetaData`.

This function will set the metadata of the application based on the `config` parameter.

We set some defaults and define a list with tags. We then loop over the tags and invoke the `updateTags` method from the `Meta` service.

Once our service is ready we update the `ProductListComponent` and `ProductDetailComponent` to dynamically set the meta data by using the `tap` operator in the `pipe` from our Subscription.  

After building and deploying the app we see that the meta data gets updated, and we can now share the app over Social Media and get rich social previews.

Add dynamic metadata to an Angular CLI Project

In this lesson we will add a Service Worker and convert our app into a Progressive Web Application (PWA). We can do this by running `ng add @angular/pwa`.

We will use Lighthouse to generate a score and gradually improve this score.

Using `ngsw-config.json` we define which `assetGroups` and `dataGroups` should be cached. 

In `index.html` we add a `noscript` tag so there won't be a blank page if the javascript is disabled, and lastly we add `robots.txt` to make sure our site can be indexed.

Make a Progressive Web Application from an Angular CLI project

In this course we will create an Angular application that will serve as a public website. Normally there are quite a few trade-offs by using a Single Page Application for a public website. For instance, they are hard to index by search engines and if you link to them on social media you get a generic preview. Also, the initial rendering can take a while (especially on mobile devices) as the browser has to pull in all the JavaScript in order to render a working app.

By adding and configuring Angular Universal we add Server Side Rendering capabilities to our application. This helps prevent the issues mentioned above by pre-rendering the application on the server and serving this out to the user when she requests the app. Once the JavaScript has been loaded the app will seamlessly switch over to a ‘normal’ web application.

For good measures and to modernize our application we will add and configure a Service Worker that will allow for a native-like experience in the browser (splash screen, desktop icon, fast load, cached data, etc).

SEO Friendly Progressive Web Applications with Angular Universal

In this lesson we will our `UiModule`, that has a `LayoutComponent`, `HeaderComponent` and `FooterComponent`. 

We generate `UiModule` by running the following command:
```
ng generate module ui --module app
```

This generates the new module and imports it in our `AppModule`.

We'll create the `LayoutComponent` using:
```
ng generate component ui/containers/layout
ng generate component ui/containers/header
ng generate component ui/containers/footer
``` 

We update our `AppRoutingModule` and add this component to our first route to make it visible. 

The `HeaderComponent` and `FooterComponent` are referenced in the LayoutComponent and we implement the actual templates!

Create Application Layout with Components in an Angular CLI Project

In this lesson we will add the `ProductModule`, where our actual application code will live.

```
ng g m product --routing
``` 

We will add 2 routes to `AppRoutingModule`,  the first is a redirect route that redirects any unhandled paths to `products`. The second route is the actual `products` route, that 'lazy-loads' the `ProductModule`.

We use the `ng` command to create the `ProductListComponent` and `ProductDetailComponent`, which are so called 'containers components'.

Container components are responsible for fetching data, handling routes and passing data into the 'presentational components' 

We will add 2 routes to `ProductRoutingModule`,  one to each of our new Container Components.

Lastly we will use  `ActivatedRoute` in `ProductDetailComponent` to fetch the `:id` from the route.

Create Container Components for Retrieving Data in an Angular CLI Project

In this lesson we will create the presentational components for the product list and detail pages. These components define how the data is displayed and are being referenced from the Container components.

The new components are `ProductsComponent` and `ProductComponent`.

After using `ng generate` to generate these components, we will update the `ProductListComponent` to invoke `ProductsComponent` and pass in our local `products` array.

In `ProductsComponent` we loop over each of the items we get from the `@Input() products` and pass each one into our `ProductComponent`.

The `ProductComponent` has 2 `Inputs()`, one for the `Product` and a `boolean` that toggles showing the product details. This is useful because don't want to show product details in the list view.

After the `ProductComponent` is implemented the last step is to reference it from the `ProductDetails` container component. 

Create Presentational Components for Displaying Data in an Angular CLI Project

In this lesson we will create the `ProductsService` that is responsible for the interaction with our API. 

We will inject the `HttpClient` that we get from `@angular/common/http`. To make this working we need to import `HttpClientModule` in our `AppModule`.

We define a `getProducts` and `getProduct` method so we can get a list of products and an single product which we will use in respectively the `ProductList` and `ProductDetail` components. 

In both components we will use the `ngOnInit` lifecycle hook to invoke the methods on the service, and retrieve the data by subscribing to it. 

[Link to product api used in lessons](https://github.com/beeman/egghead-products-api)

Create an Angular Service to Retrieve Data from an API 

In this lesson we will install the latest version of Angular CLI and use the `ng new` command to scaffold out the application.

Scaffold a New Angular App using Angular CLI

In this lesson we will add Bootstrap to our project. This allows us to focus on building our app without having to spend too much time writing custom CSS.

We will use grab the URL too the Bootstrap CSS from [bootstrapcdn.com](https://www.bootstrapcdn.com/)  and add it to our project by adding a `@import url('')` statement to `src/styles.scss`.

Add Bootstrap to an Angular CLI Project

The default Angular CLI configuration generates components that consist of 4 files. The component class, an HTML template, a stylesheet and a spec file that contains the unit test.

In order to keep our components concise we  update our `AppComponent` and move the template and style from an external file to inline. This allows us to delete the 2 external files. 

We can configure our project to generate the template and the style 'inline' by default.

To do this we run the commands:
```
ng config schematics.@schematics/angular.component.inlineStyle true
ng config schematics.@schematics/angular.component.inlineTemplate true
```

The changes are made to `angular.json` in the project root.


Configure Defaults for Generating Code with Angular CLI

In this course we are going to build an Angular app from scratch using Angular CLI. The app that we are going to build is a simple product list and detail page. After this is done we will implement a common pattern by separating our components between Container components and Presentational components. We create a Service to handle our API calls, and make use of Angular Resolvers to fetch the data before the components are displayed.  

At this point our actual app is ready and we will move on by adding Server Side Rendering using Angular Universal. We will deploy the app to now.sh and add dynamic metadata to our pages.  The app is now Search Engine Friendly and also has richt previews when being shared on social media. We will wrap the course up by adding a Service Worker using Angular PWA. 

When you finish this course you will be comfortable in creating a modern, Search Engine Friendly application in Angular, from scratch or use the patterns in your existing applications.

Course Overview: SEO Friendly Progressive Web Applications with Angular Universal

When comparing two visually similar websites, it can often be challenging to precisely identify the subtle differences between them. To facilitate a rapid analysis of these discrepancies, a practical technique involves leveraging Chrome's integrated developer tools to capture full-page screenshots of each site. Subsequently, these screenshots can be uploaded to a platform like AI Studio. There, the AI can analyze the images and generate a report detailing the variations. This entire process, leveraging a few quick shortcuts, can be completed in under a minute, delivering a comprehensive breakdown of the differences for efficient comparison and analysis.

Quickly Compare Two Sites Using AI Studio with Chrome Full Page Screenshots

It's fairly trivial to create a React project, but there's always a big hurdle between creating it locally and making it shareable so that someone else can run it. This lesson walks you through the process of automating creating a React project locally, creating the repository where it's going to be hosted, and creating shareable links where it can be run so that you can quickly and easily create single one-off demos and shoot them over to your friends and coworkers for sharing your code ideas in a working environment.


```bash
share-react-project() {
  if [[ -z "$1" ]]; then
    echo "Usage: share-react-project <project_name>"
    return 1
  fi

  local project_name="$1"
  local github_username=$(gh api /user --jq '.login')

  echo "Creating Vite project: $project_name"
  pnpm create vite "$project_name" --template react

  cd "$project_name"

  echo "Initializing Git repository"
  git init

  echo "Adding all files to Git"
  git add .

  echo "Creating initial commit"
  git commit -m "Initial commit"

  local codesandbox_link="https://codesandbox.io/p/github/${github_username}/${project_name}"

  echo "Adding CodeSandbox link to README.md"
  echo "" >> README.md
  echo "## CodeSandbox" >> README.md
  echo "[![Open in CodeSandbox](https://assets.codesandbox.io/github/button-edit-blue.svg)](${codesandbox_link})" >> README.md

  echo "Adding README.md to Git"
  git add README.md

  echo "Committing README.md changes"
  git commit -m "Add CodeSandbox link"

  echo "Creating GitHub repository: $github_username/$project_name"
  gh repo create "$github_username/$project_name" --public

  echo "Pushing to remote 'origin'"
  git push -u origin main

  echo "Project '$project_name' created successfully!"
  echo "GitHub repository: https://github.com/$github_username/$project_name"
  echo "CodeSandbox link: $codesandbox_link"
}
```

Automate Creating a Local React Project, GitHub Repository, and Live Hosted Demo in a Single Command

[Verdaccio](https://verdaccio.org/) is a fully featured NPM registry that you can run locally on your machine. It’s a great tool for testing your release process, running end-to-end tests, and simulating real-world scenarios like deploying packages, installing them, and verifying functionality as an end user would.

Nx includes a [generator](https://nx.dev/features/generate-code) that simplifies setting up Verdaccio. To configure it, run:

```shell
npx nx g @nx/js:setup-verdaccio   
```

This command installs the necessary NPM packages and creates a `project.json` file with a `local-registry` target. To start the local registry, open a new terminal window and run:

```shell
npx nx local-registry
```

This will:
- Launch the Verdaccio registry.
- Configure NPM to point to the local Verdaccio server at `http://localhost:4873`.

> **Note:** A `project.json` file provides an advanced way to define scripts, offering more flexibility than a traditional `package.json` for managing complex targets.

Setup local Verdaccio server to release NPM packages

Learn how to spin up a local NPM registry powered by Verdaccio to test deploy your NPM packages.

In TypeScript, developers often begin by defining the structure of their data using type definitions or interfaces, which is a powerful way to ensure type safety. However, as applications grow and become more complex, simply defining the shape of an object might not be enough to guarantee its consistent creation and behavior throughout the codebase. This often leads to situations where objects that are intended to be of a certain "type" might be missing crucial properties or have incorrect data, which can be difficult to track down and debug.

This lesson tackles the question of when and why to move beyond basic type definitions and embrace classes in TypeScript. It demonstrates how classes provide a more robust mechanism for defining object structure, enforcing type constraints, and ensuring consistent object creation. By establishing a clear blueprint for objects, classes not only improve compile-time type safety but also offer runtime benefits and better code organization, ultimately helping developers avoid common pitfalls associated with loosely structured objects in larger TypeScript projects.

Stop Avoiding Classes in TypeScript

Karabiner isn't only for your keyboard. It can also hijack your mouse buttons and enable them to be similar to layers on your keyboard, where holding down a mouse button can allow you to tap keys on your keyboard to trigger commands and macros that can completely revolutionize your workflows. For example, you can hold down the right mouse button and tap on R to go to references in VS Code. Or hold down the right mouse button and tap the left mouse button to chop up videos and Screenflow.

This completely unlocks a whole new world of possibilities and use cases for your mouse as you can hover your mouse over anywhere on the page. And just tapping keys on your keyboard allows you to trigger mouse actions, to trigger keyboard actions, or to trigger macros and applications and terminal commands. and anything that your imagination can come up with. 

Karabiner: Rethinking Right-Click as a Macro Command Center

Make an HTML table more readable on mobile devices by using the ::before pseudo-element. We add labels to each cell, so they appear like cards when the table is viewed on smaller screens. The ::before content is set using a data-label attribute for each cell to enhance mobile viewability without horizontal scrolling.



Create a mobile friendly table with the before pseudo-element

Learn to use CSS ::before pseudo-element for mobile-friendly HTML tables. Add labels to cells for enhanced readability on mobile, avoiding horizontal scroll.

Any app of a decent size has event flows and messages being passed around. At a certain point it becomes complicated to explain it through prose and you want to turn towards diagrams. Now setting aside the time to create diagrams that accurately describe what's happening in your codebase can be quite time consuming. Luckily, with today's AI tools, we can now just do basic walkthroughs with rough recordings over codebase dictating what's going on along the way and then upload that to tools like AI Studio and then ask it to generate diagrams in a text-based format such as Mermaid that will then generate the flowcharts and diagrams for us. So this video walks us through this process of recording a rough video, uploading it to AI Studio and then asking AI Studio to generate the proper Mermaid diagram syntax.

Generate Mermaid Flow Chart Diagrams with Gemini 2.0 from Rough Screen Recordings

I'm a diehard Karabiner user and anytime I start doing something repetitively I always move it into my Karabiner configuration. Sometimes I'll fall into scenarios where I want to trigger a command, but I also want to know if that command succeeded or failed. Since Karabiner can trigger any command, setting up the command is fairly straightforward, but knowing whether it succeeded or failed became much more difficult. Luckily for me there is a package called terminal-notifier that you can install from homebrew and you can pipe the output of your command to terminal-notifier. And have a seamless way of triggering your keyboard shortcut which runs a command and you can be notified of the results.

Use Karabiner to Trigger a Terminal Command and Get Notified of the Results

There are a lot of scenarios when inspecting a site in Chrome where you don't want any click events to fire and you don't want any scripts to run. Or maybe something is animating in and out of the page and you want to capture it at a certain moment. This is a great use case for pausing script execution, which is kind of using the debugger manually by going into the Chrome DevTools and the Sources tab and clicking the pause button to essentially pause the entire page. This will give you a chance to inspect any of the elements and styles you want to inspect. And you don't have to worry about fire and click events or anything that might interrupt your investigation into the elements and styles that you want to find.

Pause Script Execution in Chrome to Easily Inspect Elements

Gemini 2.0 has a context window of a million tokens, and this means that you can upload hundreds of files and allow it to inspect and analyze massive refactors across entire code bases. 

This lesson demonstrates concatenating an entire code base into a single file and then uploading it to AI Studio. Once within AI Studio, we ask it to find the types of tasks that it can evaluate for us. Then we select one of the tasks and ask it to generate instructions for that task. Once those instructions are complete, we then turn them over to Windsurf's Cascade agent, and we allow Windsurf's Cascade to do all of the work for us as we sit back, relax, and let the AI do our jobs.

Bram Borggreve

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